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A country of west-central Europe. The region was conquered by Germanic tribes in the 5th century and by Swabia and Burgundy in the 9th, becoming part of the Holy Roman Empire in 1033. Protesting Hapsburg control in the 13th century, the Swiss formed a defense league made up of cantons that became the basis of their confederation, and by 1499 they had achieved independence. The Reformation in the 16th century led to religious civil wars that lasted through the next two centuries. The French took brief control of Switzerland during the French Revolution, but the confederacy was restored in 1815. Switzerland later adopted a federal constitution (1848) and maintained a policy of neutrality through both World Wars. Bern is the capital and Zurich the largest city. Population: 7,550,000.
瑞士是位于歐洲中南部的多山內(nèi)陸國。東界奧地利、列支敦士登，南鄰意大利，西接法國，北連德國。其領(lǐng)土東起東經(jīng)10°29'26"格勞賓登州的沙瓦拉茨峰，西至東經(jīng)5°57'24"的日內(nèi)瓦的尚希鎮(zhèn)，最南端位于北緯45°49'8"，靠近提契諾州的基亞索，最北面在北緯47°48'35"，系沙夫豪森州的巴爾根。南北長220.1公里，東西長348.4公里。
