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【英文原文】
摘要：研究通靈術的人認為死人與活人能夠通過某種方式進行交流。他們相信人由靈、魂、體三者組成，靈寓于魂之中，而靈與魂又寓于體之中。人死后，靈與魂依然存活，故能與活人溝通。
Spiritualism is the belief that spirits of the dead can communicate with the living. Spiritualists believe that human beings are made up of body, soul, and spirit. At death, the body ceases to exist, but the spirit continues to exist because it is encased in the soul. According to spiritualists, communication between the physical and spiritual world does not end with physical death.
Modern spiritualism arose in the 19th century. In the United States spiritualism developed around Margaret and Kate Fox, sisters in New York State who were awakened with the rest of their family by mysterious rapping sounds in their house. The young sisters decided to ask questions with yes, no, or unmerical answers, and they claimed to receive responses in the form of raps. Visitors began to crowd the Fox house to witness this spectacle or prove it a trick, and stories quickly spread that the Fox girls were mediums in touch with spirits. The Fox sisters later showed their ability in New York City to famous people.
To communicate with spirits, spiritualists sometimes meet in small gatherings called séances. During a séance, several persons sit at a table and touch hands. An individual, usually called a medium leads the séance. The medium helps the group concentrate their thoughts on the person they wish to contact, usually a dead friend or relative. The spirit of the dead is supposed to show its presence by making rapping sounds, by moving objects in the room, or by speaking through the medium.
