I.Q. scores have been measured since 1916, when Alfred Binet developed his intelligence scale. He graduated the scale in the following way:

IQ Scores
130+ Very superior
120+ Superior
110+ Above average
99+ Average
80+ Below average
70+ Borderline
Less than 70 Extremely low.
Items included in IQ tests range from spatial awareness where you have to match patterns, to number sequences, and words. There is a free IQ testing site online.

IQ tests used to be standardized but now they are designed by many different organizations in an attempt to measure certain qualities in candidates. For example, Mensa, the High IQ Society, sets its own test which is very difficult in parts. One example of a Mensa question:

Take these letters:

C E I L M E R S S

Form two different 8 letter words from these letters. Each word must use all the letters.

Intelligence and personality have been combined to give sten and z-scores. These are often used by companies who want to recruit staff with particular traits and abilities.

Some very famous celebrities are know for their extremely high IQ level.

Bill Gates: Genius

Madonna 140

Al Gore 140

Hugh Hefner 152

Carol Vorderman 154

Bill Gates 160

Jill St. John 162

Jill St. John who claims the highest score on this list was a major American film actress during the 1960's and 1970's. Jill was admitted to the University of California at the age of 14.

Psychologists have estimated the IQ scores that some famous historical figures might have attained. This was done by looking at their work and their ideas and the way they put them together.

Leonardo da Vinci: Smarter than Bill Gates

George Washington 118

Napoleon Bonaparte 145

Albert Einstein 160

Charles Dickens 180

Michelangelo 180

Leonardo da Vinci 220

Leonardo da Vinci earns that massive score for his art but also for his helicopter concept . His solar power diagrams, calculator plans, and studies of plate techtonics. He had none of the modern day scientific equipment and he was way ahead of his time.

自從1916年阿爾弗雷德·比奈（Alfred Binet）發(fā)明了智力量表，人類的智商就開始被測(cè)量。他把智商得分如下分類：

IQ 得分
130+ 非常出眾
120+ 出眾
110+ 平均之上
99+ 平均
80+ 平均之下
70+ 分界線
低于70的人智商極低
測(cè)量智商的測(cè)試范圍很廣，從要求你搭配圖案的空間意識(shí)到數(shù)字排序以及文字。這里給大家一個(gè)免費(fèi)的測(cè)試智商的網(wǎng)站。

過去智商測(cè)試都是統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的，而今許多組織設(shè)計(jì)出各種不同的智商測(cè)試來衡量各種品質(zhì)。比如，門薩這一高智商俱樂部就會(huì)設(shè)定自主測(cè)試，而這種考試的有些部分是非常難的。下面是門薩考題中的一個(gè)例子：

給出下列字母：
C E I L M E R S S

用以上字母，構(gòu)成兩個(gè)完全不同的8字單詞。每個(gè)單詞必須使用所有單詞。

一個(gè)人的智商和個(gè)性已經(jīng)與他是否能做出復(fù)雜的詞干題和Z分?jǐn)?shù)聯(lián)系在一起。一些公司經(jīng)常用這種方式來招募那些有特質(zhì)、有能力的員工。

一些非常出名的名人以他們極高的智商著稱。

比爾·蓋茨：天才
麥當(dāng)娜 140
阿爾·戈?duì)?140
休·海弗納 152
卡羅爾·沃德曼 154
比爾·蓋茨 160
吉爾·圣約翰 162

這個(gè)在榜單上位列首位的吉爾·圣約翰是19世紀(jì)六七十年代的美國(guó)電影男主角。他14歲就被加利福尼亞大學(xué)錄取。

心理學(xué)家對(duì)一些著名的歷史人物的智商進(jìn)行了推測(cè)，依據(jù)是他們的成就和思想以及他們將思想賦予行動(dòng)的方式。

萊昂納多·達(dá)·芬奇：比比爾蓋茨更聰明
喬治·華盛頓 118
拿破侖·波拿巴 145
艾伯特·愛因斯坦 160
查爾斯·狄更斯 180
米開朗基羅 180
萊昂納多·達(dá)·芬奇 220

萊昂納多·達(dá)·芬奇得分如此之高不僅因?yàn)樗谒囆g(shù)上的成就，還因?yàn)樗麑?duì)直升飛機(jī)的概念。他設(shè)計(jì)出太陽(yáng)能圖表，擬定計(jì)算器計(jì)劃，還對(duì)板塊構(gòu)造學(xué)(plate tectonics 此處應(yīng)為作者筆誤)頗有研究。在沒有當(dāng)代科學(xué)設(shè)備的情況下，達(dá)芬奇的成就早已超越他所在的時(shí)代。