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It matters what kind of perfectionist someone is.
區分完美主義者的類型也很重要。
Psychologists distinguish between a “self-oriented” version, in which people put pressure on themselves to perform flawlessly; an “other-oriented” type, in which people hold their colleagues to the highest of standards; and a “socially prescribed” version, in which employees think they will only get on if they meet the impossible expectations of those around them.
心理學家區分出了三種類型：“自我導向型”，即給自己施加壓力，以求表現得完美無瑕；“以他人為導向型”，即以最高標準要求同事；以及“社會規定型”，即員工認為，只有達到了周圍人不可能達到的期望，他們才能繼續工作。
People in the last camp seem to be especially prone to stress.
最后一類人似乎特別容易感覺到壓力。
A recent Italian study found that, whereas having extremely high standards for your own performance was not a predictor of burnout, being afraid of making mistakes was.
意大利最近的一項研究發現，雖然對自己的表現有極高的要求并不會引發崩潰，但害怕犯錯會。
Perfectionists may also hurt team cohesiveness.
完美主義者也可能會破壞團隊凝聚力。
In a study conducted in 2020, Emily Kleszewski and Kathleen Otto of Philipps-University of Marburg asked people to rate potential co-workers based on descriptions of their levels and categories of perfectionism.
在2020年進行的一項研究中，馬爾堡-菲利普大學的艾米麗·克萊謝夫斯基和凱瑟琳·奧托讓人們根據未來同事對自己的完美主義程度和類型的描述給他們打分。
Perfectionists were regarded as being less socially skilled and less likeable than non-perfectionists.
人們認為完美主義者的社交能力不如非完美主義者，也沒有非完美主義者討人喜歡。
You don’t have to like your colleagues for them to be effective: in that same study, perfectionists were rated as more competent than non-perfectionists.
你喜不喜歡同事與他們的工作能力無關：該研究發現，人們認為完美主義者比非完美主義者能力更強。
But when more and more work is organised around small groups working together, it can help not to loathe each other.
但當小組有越來越多的工作要共同處理時，組員不厭惡彼此會有所幫助。
By now your inner curmudgeon may well be frothing at the mouth.
說到這里，你內心的暴躁小人很可能已經氣到口吐白沫了。
Nit-picking micro-managers are deeply annoying but they are nowhere near as bad as people who don’t have any standards.
吹毛求疵的微觀管理者固然非常令人討厭，但他們遠不如沒有任何標準的人糟糕。
Demanding bosses can be the difference between good products and superb ones: “that’ll do” was not the mantra that made Steve Jobs successful.
苛刻的老板可能會讓“好”產品升級為“卓越”產品：史蒂夫·喬布斯能成功可不是靠把“差不多”當成準則。
Some jobs actively require perfectionism—copy editors, say, or medicines regulators.
有些工作確實要求完美主義--比如文案編輯或藥品監管。
And since when did being exacting become a health risk?
從什么時候起，嚴格要求也成了一種健康風險？
Fortunately, discouraging perfectionism does not mean sacrificing high standards.
幸運的是，打擊完美主義并不意味著舍棄高標準。
In a paper published last year, three academics at the University of Ottawa found that people who strove for excellence did better on tests of creative thinking than people who sought perfection.
在去年發表的一篇論文中，渥太華大學的三名學者發現，追求卓越的人在創造性思維測試中比追求完美的人表現得更好。
Managers can explicitly define what counts as high-quality work.
管理者可以明確定義什么是高質量的工作。
Deadlines can prevent endless procrastination.
設置最后期限可以防止無休止的拖延。
Mr Sunak’s call not to let the perfect be the enemy of the good came as he sat in front of a poster that misspelled the word “campaign”.
蘇納克在呼吁“不要讓完美成為優秀的敵人”時，身后海報上的“campaign”一詞卻拼錯了。
That took things too far.
這就太過分了。
譯文由可可原創，僅供學習交流使用，未經許可請勿轉載。
