評(píng)論
打印
The first step in quality control is evaded, and the last steps -- repair or self-destruct -- are never reached.
逃避質(zhì)量控制的第一步，而最后一步--修復(fù)或自毀--永遠(yuǎn)也達(dá)不到。
Most animals play host to but one type of p53.
大多數(shù)動(dòng)物只有一種類型的p53。
So the discovery last year that elephants have 20, each subtly different, drew the attention of Dr Karakostis and his colleagues.
因此，去年發(fā)現(xiàn)大象有20種p53，每頭大象略有不同，引起了卡拉科斯蒂斯博士和他的同事的注意。
Maybe the p53s provide one another with anti-cancer backup.
也許p53為彼此提供了抗癌的支援。
But how?
但如何做到呢？
They suspected that mdm2 was involved.
他們懷疑與MDM2有關(guān)。
Perhaps all those slightly different p53s latch onto it in slightly different ways.
也許所有這些略有不同的p53以略有不同的方式鎖定在它上面。
It would be less likely, the idea goes, that cancer cells’ trickery could work in 20 altered arrangements.
這種想法認(rèn)為，癌細(xì)胞的詭計(jì)不太可能在20種改變的排列中發(fā)揮作用。
If any failed, the chain of repair would still be triggered.
如果其中任何一個(gè)失敗，修復(fù)鏈仍將被觸發(fā)。
First the team took to their computers.
首先，團(tuán)隊(duì)開始使用他們的電腦模擬。
Extensive simulations of precisely how mdm2 binds at the molecular level to this plethora of p53s indicated their hunch might be right.
對MDM2如何在分子水平上與大量的p53結(jié)合的廣泛模擬表明，他們的預(yù)感可能是正確的。
A trip to the laboratory, to study that binding in a dish, only confirmed things further.
去一趟實(shí)驗(yàn)室，在培養(yǎng)皿中研究這種結(jié)合，可能會(huì)進(jìn)一步證實(shí)這一點(diǎn)。
Cancer cells might have defences clever enough to smooth the route to one kind of binding -- but not, it is now assumed, 20 of them.
癌細(xì)胞可能具有足夠聰明的防御機(jī)制，能夠使一種結(jié)合途徑變得順暢 --但現(xiàn)在人們認(rèn)為，不是20種。
Peto's paradox lives on, however.
然而，皮托的悖論仍然存在。
Why have humans not evolved this variegated gang of anti-cancer proteins, or indeed the different suite of cellular protections enjoyed by blue whales, if they would confer such a clear-cut survival benefit?
如果能夠帶來如此明確的生存益處，為什么人類沒有進(jìn)化出這種五花八門的抗癌蛋白質(zhì)，還是藍(lán)鯨享有的不同的細(xì)胞保護(hù)呢？
Alas, a common refrain in matters scientific: more research is needed.
唉，在科學(xué)問題上有一個(gè)常見的問題：需要更多的研究。
But that is not to say this work is without potential relevance to humans.
但這并不是說這項(xiàng)工作與人類沒有潛在的相關(guān)性。
Work reported in 2016 revealed that genetically engineering mice to have a few extra copies of p53 enhanced their cells’ ability to detect and repair dna damage.
2016年的研究報(bào)告顯示，通過基因工程使小鼠擁有額外的幾個(gè)p53，提高了它們的細(xì)胞檢測和修復(fù)DNA損傷的能力。
This latest work suggests something many managers are belatedly finding out: success comes not just with a bigger team, but a more diverse one.
這項(xiàng)最新研究表明，許多管理者可以從中獲得啟發(fā)：成功不僅來自更大的團(tuán)隊(duì)，而且來自更多元化的團(tuán)隊(duì)。
