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Making enrolment in pension plans the default for new employees (ie, they must decide to opt out rather than opt in) dramatically increases the share of employees saving through such programmes, for example.
例如，把加入養(yǎng)老金計劃列為新員工的默認選項（即，他必須選擇退出而不是加入）極大地提高了通過此類計劃進行儲蓄的員工的比例。
Mr Thaler, with Mr Kahneman and Jack Knetsch, also worked to understand the role of fairness in judging economic outcomes.
賽勒還與卡尼曼和杰克·克內(nèi)齊對理解公平在判定經(jīng)濟結(jié)果中的作用進行了研究。
They conducted experiments in which a student chosen at ran dom was asked to divide $20 between himself and another subject.
他們進行了一系列隨機挑選的一位學生被要求在他自己與另一個對象之間平分20美元的實驗。
Only rarely would the student keep most of the money, as pure rationality suggests he should.
只有在極少數(shù)的情況下，這位學生才會像純理性所說的那樣，留下大部分錢。
Similarly, the authors used surveys to show that people find practices like price gouging in the wake of disasters unfair.
同樣地，作者使用了各種調(diào)查來說明，人們認為災難后哄抬價格這類行為是不公平的。
In some multi-round experiments players chose to punish participants who acted selfishly in early rounds, even if that meant accepting a lower payout themselves.
在一些多輪次的實驗中，參與者選擇去懲罰在前面輪次中表現(xiàn)自私的同伴，縱然這意味著他們自己要更低的。
These insights—that people care about fairness, find self-control hard and hate losing what they already have—may seem trivial outside the strange world of economics.
在陌生的經(jīng)濟學世界之外，這些深刻見解——人們關注公平、發(fā)現(xiàn)很難自律、討厭失去已經(jīng)擁有的東西——可能看起來微不足道。
In fact, the greatest contribution of behavioural economics may have been to nudge the field away from attempts to extrapolate grand theories from basic rules of individual behaviour.
實際上，行為經(jīng)濟學的最大貢獻可能就是推動這一學科脫離從個人行為的基本規(guī)律中推導出宏大理論的嘗試。
Today ambitious economists are quite likely to immerse themselves in empirical work focused on specific policy questions.
如今，有抱負的經(jīng)濟學家很有可能埋首于聚焦各種特殊政策問題的實證性研究之中。
That is a legacy worth treasuring, however you do the mental accounting.
這是一項值得珍惜的遺產(chǎn)，不管你如何進行心理盤算。
譯文來源考研英語時事閱讀
