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In their different ways, all these people were or thought they were - up-and-comers.
通過各種方法 這些人成為 或以為自己成為 新興階層
They would fight, if necessary, to prevent themselves from sinking into the down-and-outers.
如果必要 他們會奮起抗爭 避免再次陷入窮困潦倒
Was this a class war, then a phrase we're not supposed to use since the official burial of Marxism?Yes, it was.
這是一場階級戰爭嗎 自馬克思主義名存實亡 階級戰爭這詞也幾乎湮滅 但這確實就是
The suspicion among in village England was that the real power behind the throne
英國民眾懷疑 王位真正的操縱者
John of Gaunt, the Queen Mother, the Chancellor were gathering in fresh taxes,
岡特的約翰 太后 財政大臣 征收的新稅款
not to finance a patriotic war in France,but to lavish on their own palaces and private estates.
并未用于保衛國家 征討法國 而是用于修建奢侈的宮殿和豪宅
So when, in November 1380,parliament approved a new poll tax,
所以 當1380年11月 議會通過征收一項新的人頭稅
one which for the first time took no account of individual wealth,
史上第一次 按人頭收稅 完全不考慮財富差距
the yeomen farmers must have imagined the awful prospect of all their hard-won gains being snatched back by a greedy government.
自耕農們想到了可能面對的可怕前景: 他們來之不易的利益 會被貪婪的政府攫取
There was outrage, bloody-minded fury and mass evasion,which quickly escalated into outright rebellion.
強烈的憤怒和不滿 迅速升級為暴力反抗
Tax collectors and sheriff's men were attacked, a few killed.
收稅人和司法人員 被攻擊 甚至被殺死
In Maidstone, they elected Wat Tyler,a yeoman craftsman, as their general and captain,
在梅德斯通 人們推舉瓦特·泰勒 一名工匠 做為他們的領袖
and freed a Lollard anti-cleric called John Ball,who'd been imprisoned in the bishop's palace.
釋放了被關押在主教宮殿的 羅拉德派反教會牧師約翰·保爾
