評論
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hypothetical
【考法 1】 n. 假設，前提條件： something taken as being true or factual and used as a starting point for a course of action or reasoning
【例】 He believes that predictions of the extinction of certain species as the result of global warming are based upon too many hypotheticals. 他認為所謂全球變暖會導致某些物種滅絕的說法基于過多的假設。
【近】 assumption, given, postulate, premise, presumption, presupposition, supposition
【反】 conclusion, consequence, deduction, induction, inference 結論
【考法 2】 adj. 假定的： existing only as an assumption or speculation
【例】 We talked about what we would do in various hypothetical emergencies. 我們討論了在假定的各種緊急情況下的對策。
【近】 conjectural, speculative, supposed, suppositional
【反】 actual, factual, real 事實的
impunity
【考法 1】 n. 免責，免受處罰： exemption or freedom from punishment, harm, or loss
【例】 She mistakenly believed that she could insult people with impunity. 她錯誤地認為她可以肆無忌憚地羞辱他人。
【近】 exemption, immunity
【反】 liability 責任
incentive
【考法 1】 n. 刺激，誘因： something that incites or has a tendency to incite to determination or action
【例】 The handsome reward for the missing wallet was an incentive for me to start looking. 找到丟失錢包的可觀報酬激勵我展開搜尋?！珹 little bonus will give employees an incentive to work harder. 一點點獎金就可以刺激雇員更加努力地工作。
【近】 boost, goad, impetus, incitement, instigation, momentum, motivation, motive, provocation, spur, stimulant, stimulus, yeast
【反】 deterrent, disincentive 抑制劑，阻礙物
justify .
【考法 1】 vt. 證明…的合理性，辯解： to prove or show to be just, right, or reasonable
【例】 failed to justify the need for a new expressway at this time 沒能證明修建新的高速公路的合理性‖The storm warning justified his leaving early. 他的早退因為風暴預警而顯得理所當然。
【近】 excuse, rationalize, warrant
【派】 justification n. （正當的）理由
license .
【考法 1】 n. 許可，認可： the approval by someone in authority for the doing of something
【例】 The company is seeking license to operate several more power plants in the state. 公司正在尋求在國內建造更多電廠的許可?！珹 restaurant owner has to get a license to serve food and drink. 餐廳營業者必須要獲得食物和飲品的銷售許可。
【近】 allowance, authorization, clearance, concurrence, consent, empowerment, granting, sanction, warrant
【反】 interdiction, prohibition, proscription 禁止
【考法 2】 n. 自由： the right to act or move freely
【例】 Military commanders on the ground must be granted considerable license, as wars cannot be micromanaged by people back in Washington. 戰地指揮官應該被賦予相當大的自由，因為一場戰爭只靠華盛頓的人是不可能打贏的。
【近】 freedom, latitude, liberty
【反】 confinement, custody, imprisonment 拘留，囚禁
【考法 3】 n. 放蕩： disregard for standards of personal conduct
【例】 a night of drinking and license at the nightclub 夜店里放縱飲酒取樂的一夜
【近】 debauchery, hedonism, libertinage, libertinism, licentiousness, profligacy, voluptuousness
【反】 abstinence, asceticism, sobriety, temperance 節制，克制
【考法 4】 vt. 準許，授權使用： to permit or authorize especially by formal license
【例】 A state statute licenses county sheriffs to choose their own deputies. 法律允許郡上的司法長官選擇自己的副手?！琹icensed to use deadly force 獲準使用致命火力
【近】 accredit, certify, commission, empower, enable, invest, qualify, vest, warrant
【反】 disqualify 取消資格； forbid, interdict, prohibit, proscribe, veto 禁止
ludicrous
【考法 1】 adj. 荒唐的，可笑的： meriting derisive laughter or scorn as absurdly inept, false, or foolish
【例】 He made a ludicrous and easily detected attempt to forge his father's signature on a note to school. 他試圖在要上交學校的紙條上偽造父親的簽名，這實在是既可笑又容易被發現的花招。
【近】 absurd, comical, derisive, derisory, farcical, laughable, ridiculous, pathetic, preposterous, risible, silly
【反】 logical, rational, reasonable, sensible 有道理的
luminous .
【考法 1】 adj. 發光的，有光澤的： emitting or reflecting usually steady, suffused, or glowing light
【例】 The luminous moon bathed the snow-covered fields with a pearly glow. 在明亮的月光下，雪地仿佛被罩上了一層珍珠般的光暈。
【近】 beaming, bright, candescent, dazzling, effulgent, glowing, incandescent, lambent, lucent, lucid, lustrous, radiant, refulgent, shiny, splendid
【反】 dim, dull, lackluster 黯淡無光的
【考法 2】 adj. 杰出的，重要的： standing above others in rank, importance, or achievement
【例】 some of the most luminous writers in the nation's history 該國歷史上最杰出的一批作家
【近】 astral, brilliant, distinguished, illustrious, notable, noteworthy, preeminent, prestigious, redoubtable, signal
【反】 average, inferior, mediocre 一般的，中庸的
【派】 luminosity n. 發光；亮度
malevolent
【考法 1】 adj. 惡意的，惡毒的： having, showing, or arising from intense often vicious ill will, spite, or hatred
【例】 The novel grossly oversimplified the conflict as a struggle between relentlessly malevolent villains on one
side and faultless saints on the other. 小說把這場斗爭徹底簡化成兇殘惡毒的壞人和完美無暇的圣人間的糾紛。
【近】 cruel, despiteful, evil, malicious, malign, malignant, mean, nasty, spiteful, vicious, virulent
【反】 benevolent, benign, benignant 善意的，和善的
【派】 malevolence n. 惡意，惡毒
meditate
【考法 1】 vt. 思索，沉思： to focus one's thoughts on
【例】 meditated a visit to her professor 思索著去拜訪她的導師‖I have been meditating a career change for months. 我花了幾個月的時間在考慮換一個工作。
【近】 cogitate, consider, contemplate, deliberate, mull, perpend, ponder, ruminate, study, weigh, wrestle
【反】 disregard, ignore, overlook, slight 忽視
【派】 meditation n. 沉思
meretricious
【考法 1】 adj. 艷俗的，俗氣的： attracting attention in a vulgar manner
【例】 The paradise they found was no more than a meretricious wasteland of casinos and bars. 他們所發現的所謂"天堂"只不過是一塊有著賭場和酒吧的俗氣不堪的荒漠罷了。
【近】 flamboyant, flaring, flashy, garish, gaudy, glaring, loud, ostentatious, tawdry
【反】 conservative, quiet, understated, unflamboyant 低調的，不張揚的
adj. 全球性的，全世界的，球狀的，全局的
