評(píng)論
打印
scruple .
【考法 1】 n. （良心上的）不安： an uneasy feeling about the rightness of what one is doing or going to do
【例】 The survey showed that many students had few scruples about cheating on papers or exams. 調(diào)查顯示很多學(xué)生對(duì)于在考試時(shí)作弊沒有絲毫的愧疚。
【近】 compunction, misgiving
【反】 assurance, certainty, certitude, confidence, conviction, sureness 確信
sectarianism .
【考法 1】 n. 宗派主義，頑固： stubborn or intolerant adherence to one's opinions or prejudices
【例】 An ideological sectarianism prevented the political party from ever being anything more than a fringe group. 意識(shí)形態(tài)上的頑固和保守使得這個(gè)政黨只能成為一個(gè)邊緣團(tuán)體。
【近】 dogmatism, illiberalism, intolerance, narrow-mindedness, partisanship, small-mindedness
【反】 broad-mindedness, liberalism, open-mindedness, tolerance 開明
secular .
【考法 1】 adj. 世俗的，塵世的： of or relating to the worldly or temporal
【例】 That's an issue for the secular authorities, not the church. 這個(gè)問題和宗教無關(guān)，是一個(gè)世俗事務(wù)。
【近】 carnal, earthborn, earthbound, fleshly, material, mundane, sublunary, temporal, terrene, terrestrial, worldly
【反】 heavenly, unearthly, unworldly 非塵世間的；spiritual 精神上的；religious 宗教的
sparing .
【考法 1】 adj. 節(jié)儉的，節(jié)約的： marked by or practicing careful restraint (as in the use of resources)
【例】 The sparing couple are trying to save up enough for a house. 節(jié)儉的夫妻希望能夠攢錢買套房。
【近】 economical, economizing, provident, scrimping, thrifty
【反】 prodigal, profligate, spendthrift, squandering, wasteful 浪費(fèi)的
【考法 2】 adj. 不足的，缺乏的： less plentiful than what is normal, necessary, or desirable
【例】 Unfortunately, the explanation of the health insurance plan was somewhat sparing on details. 不幸的是，健康保險(xiǎn)上的說明似乎不夠詳細(xì)?！琓he map is sparing of information. 這張地圖的信息量太少了。
【近】 exiguous, niggardly, poor, scant, scanty, scarce, skimp, skimpy, slender, slim, spare, sparse, stingy
【反】 abundant, ample, bountiful, copious, generous, liberal, plenteous, plentiful 足量的
stereotype .
【考法 1】 n. 成見，老套的理念： a conventional, formulaic, and oversimplified conception, opinion, or image
【例】 The noble savage was a stereotype that appealed to 18th-century intellectuals, who viewed European civilization as decadent and corrupt. "高貴的野蠻人"這一概念是為了迎合十八世紀(jì)的文人而提出的，他們將歐洲視作一支正在墮落和腐化的文明。
【近】 concept, conception, generality, notion
substitute .
【考法 1】 n. 取代者，替代品： a person or thing that takes the place or function of another
【例】 If you like, you can use nuts as a substitute for coconut in that recipe. 如果您不反對(duì)，我們可以將菜單里的椰子換成堅(jiān)果。
【近】 backup, cover, fill-in, relief, replacement, reserve, stand-in, surrogate
【考法 2】 vt. 取代，替代： to take the place of
【例】 substituting moral power for physical force 將暴力用道德的力量代替‖BFR molecules have some atoms substituted by bromide atoms, which makes it fire-resistant. 在溴化阻燃劑的分子中，一部分原子被溴原子取代，從而使它不易燃燒。
【近】 displace, relieve, replace, supersede, supplant, cut out
【派】 substitution n. 取代
succumb .
【考法 1】 vi. 屈服： to yield to superior strength or force or overpowering appeal or desire
【例】 refused to succumb to her fears and defiantly walked through the dark cemetery 拒絕向自己的恐懼屈服，而是倔強(qiáng)地走過了幽暗的墓地
【近】 bow, capitulate, concede, submit, surrender, give in
【反】 resist 抵抗
【考法 2】 vi. 死亡： to be brought to an end (as death) by the effect of destructive or disruptive forces
【例】 The patient lay so still and pale that everyone thought he had succumbed, and then he opened his eyes. 面色慘白的病人靜靜地躺在床上，正當(dāng)所有人都懷疑他已經(jīng)過逝時(shí)，他突然睜開了眼睛。‖The doctor worked tirelessly until finally he, too, succumbed to the plague. 醫(yī)生不知?jiǎng)诶鄣毓ぷ?，直至最后，他也死于瘟疫?br />【近】 decease, demise, expire, perish, pass away
【反】 endure, stand 忍受??；breathe, live, survive 存活
supersede .
【考法 1】 vt. 取代，替代： to displace in favor of another
【例】 That edition of the dictionary that you have has been superseded by a more recent one. 你買的那一版的字典已經(jīng)被最近新出的版本取代了。
【近】 displace, relieve, replace, substitute, supplant, cut out
surly .
【考法 1】 adj. 脾氣不好的： irritably sullen and churlish in mood or manner
【例】 The surly receptionist told us we would have to wait outside in the rain. 態(tài)度粗暴的服務(wù)員說我們必須在外面等--哪怕是在下雨。
【近】 acid, bearish, bilious, cantankerous, disagreeable, dyspeptic, ill-humored, ill-natured, ornery, splenetic
【反】 amiable, good-humored, good-natured, good-tempered 性格好的
surmise .
【考法 1】 n. （根據(jù)不足的）推測(cè)，揣測(cè)： a thought or idea based on scanty evidence
【例】 My surmise is that the couple's "good news" is the announcement that they are going to have a baby. 我猜那對(duì)夫妻說的"好消息"就是他們要有小孩了。
【近】 guess, hypothesis, shot, supposition, theory
【反】 fact 事實(shí)
【考法 2】 vt. 推測(cè)： to form a notion of from scanty evidence
【例】 From his tone I surmised that he was unhappy. 從他的語氣中我猜測(cè)他并不高興。
【近】 assume, conjecture, daresay, imagine, infer, presume, speculate, suppose, suspect
【反】 demonstrate, prove, substantiate, validate 證明
adj. 豐富的，充裕的
