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defray .
【考法 1】 vt. 支付： to undertake the payment of
【例】 The government has committed billions toward defraying the costs of the war. 政府為戰爭付出了成百上千億元的代價。‖I don't have sufficient fund to defray the expense. 我身上的現金還不夠埋單。
【近】 disburse, expend, pay
【反】 acquire, earn, gain, garner, procure, realize, secure, win 獲得，獲??；charge 收取
imperishable
【考法 1】 adj. 不能被摧毀的： impossible to destroy; not subject to decay
【例】 Energy is imperishable. 能量本身是不能被毀滅的。
【近】 inextinguishable
【反】 destructible, extinguishable, perishable 可被毀滅的
【考法 2】 adj. 不朽的，永恒的： enduring or occurring forever
【例】 My memories are within me, imperishable. 我的回憶已經和我融為一體，不可改變。
【近】 ageless, continuing, eternal, everlasting, immortal, lasting, perennial, perpetual, timeless, undying
【反】 emphemeral, evanescent, fleeting, transient, transitory 稍縱即逝的
machination
【考法 1】 n. 詭計： a scheming or crafty action or artful design intended to accomplish some usually evil end
【例】 The incredibly complicated machination to assassinate the president inevitably failed. 刺殺總統的詭計極其復雜，以至于不可避免地失敗了。
【近】 conspiracy, design, intrigue, plot, scheme
onset
【考法 1】 n. 攻擊，進攻： attack, assault
【例】 withstand the onset of the army 抵擋住了敵人軍隊的進攻
【近】 aggression, assault, charge, offense, onslaught, raid, rush, strike
【反】 defense 防御
【考法 2】 n. 起始，開始： the point at which something begins
【例】 If you take enough vitamin C at the onset of a cold, you'll probably recover faster. 如果你感冒剛一開始就服用足量的維他命 C，你可能會康復得更快。
【近】 alpha, baseline, commencement, dawn, genesis, inception, kickoff, launch, nascence, outset, threshold
【反】 close, conclusion, end, ending, omega, termination 結束
automatic .
【考法 1】 adj. （機器等）自動的： acting or operating in a manner essentially independent of external influence
or control
【例】 Will your next car be a manual or an automatic? 你下輛車是手動擋還是自動擋？‖ Modern subwaysare equipped with automatic screen doors. 現代地鐵都裝備了自動屏蔽門。
【近】 automated, robotic, self-acting, self-operating, self-regulating
【反】 manual 手動的
【考法 2】 adj. 自發的，情不自禁的： acting or done spontaneously or unconsciously
【例】 Carl's automatic use of the brakes narrowly averted a collision. 卡爾不經意間所踩的剎車勉強避免了一場車禍。
【近】 impulsive, instinctive, involuntary, mechanic, mechanical, natural, spontaneous
【反】 calculated, deliberate, intentional, planned, predetermined, premeditated, studied 有計劃的，蓄意的
【派】 automatically adv. 自動地
bustle .
【考法 1】 n. 忙亂，喧鬧： noisy, energetic, and often obtrusive activity
【例】 the hustle and bustle of the big city 熙熙攘攘的大都市‖I couldn't concentrate in all the bustle of the student lounge. 學生休息室里過于嘈雜，我無法專心。
【近】 bluster, coil, disturbance, furor, hurricane, pandemonium, stir, storm, tumult, turmoil, uproar, welter, whirl
【反】 calm, hush, peace, quiet, rest, stillness, tranquillity 寧靜，祥和；order 秩序
【考法 2】 vi. （快速地）行走： to move briskly and often ostentatiously
【例】 the hostess bustled about, taking care of last-minute preparations for the party. 女主人四處走著，為聚會做最后的準備。
【近】 blast, bolt, careen, career, dash, fly, hustle, rush, rustle, speed, whirl
【反】 crawl, creep, lag, poke 緩慢行進
canonize .
【考法 1】 vt. 過分寵愛，過分崇拜： to love or admire too much
【例】 a singing star so canonized by his fans that they refuse to believe anything bad about him 一個受到粉絲瘋狂追捧的歌星，他們不會相信任何關于他的負面新聞
【近】 adore, adulate, canonize, dote, worship
【反】 abhor, abominate, belittle, despise, detest, disdain, dislike, disparage, hate, loathe 厭惡，鄙視
【考法 2】 vt. 使…崇高，使…神圣： to assign a high status or value to
【例】 Some movie buffs canonized David Fincher as today's most preeminent director. 一些影迷把大衛·芬奇視作是當今世界上最為出色的導演。
【近】 aggrandize, deify, dignify, elevate, ennoble, enshrine, ensky, enthrone, glorify, magnify
【反】 abase, degrade, demean, humble, humiliate 貶低，瞧不起
endeavor .
【考法 1】 n. 努力，奮斗： a conscientious or concerted effort toward an end
【例】 We hope that this latest endeavor will yield much information about the atmosphere of the planet. 我們希望這最后一次的努力能夠獲取關于行星大氣層的大量信息。
【近】 attempt, essay, striving, struggle, trial, undertaking
【考法 2】 vt. 努力做…，拼搏： to devote serious and sustained effort
【例】 endeavor to improve the quality of life in the inner city 努力改善市內的生活質量‖They endeavored to create a government that truly serves its people. 他們在努力地創立一個一心為人民服務的政府。
【近】 assay, drudge, hustle, moil, plod, slave, strain, strive, sweat, seek, toil, travail, tug
【反】 drop, quit 放棄
fitful .
【考法 1】 adj. 無規律的，缺乏周期的： having an erratic or intermittent character
【例】 He drifted off into a fitful sleep. 他慢慢地陷入了時睡時醒的狀態。
【近】 aperiodic, casual, discontinuous, episodic, erratic, intermittent, irregular, occasional, sporadic, unsteady
【反】 constant, continuous, incessant 持續不斷的；periodic, regular, repeated 定期的
oaf .
【考法 1】 n. 愚蠢的人： a stupid person
【例】 Anyone who took him for an oaf and tried to cheat him would be in for a nasty surprise. 任何把他當成傻子然后想借機欺騙他的人就等著大吃一驚吧。
【近】 airhead, dolt, dope, dullard, dumbhead, fool, idiot, imbecile, moron, simpleton
【反】 brain, intellectual, sage, wit 智者；genius, prodigy 天才
adv. 自動地，機械地
