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wrest
【考法 1】 vt. 擰，扭動： to pull, force, or move by violent wringing or twisting movements
【例】 wrest the lid off this pickle jar 把泡菜罐的蓋子擰下來
【近】 twist, wrench, wring
【考法 2】 vt. 辛苦地獲得： to gain with difficulty by or as if by force, violence, or determined labor
【例】 farmers who were used to wresting a living from the barren land 一度依靠貧瘠的土地惡劣度日的農民
【近】 scrape, scrounge, squeeze
complacent .
【考法 1】 adj. 自滿的，自鳴得意的： feeling or showing an often excessive or unjustified satisfaction and pleasure in one's status, possessions, or attainments
【例】 a complacent junior accountant who was certain of her indispensability to the company 一個確信自己對于公司而言無可替代而自滿的年輕會計
【近】 assured, consequential, egoistic, overweening, pompous, prideful, proud, smug, vain, vainglorious
【反】 egoless, humble, modest, uncomplacent 謙遜的，謙卑的
【考法 2】 adj. 無所謂的，不關心的： having or showing a lack of interest or concern
【例】 We can't afford to be complacent about rural illiteracy rates. 我們不能對農村的文盲率坐視不理。
【近】 apathetic, casual, disinterested, insouciant, nonchalant, perfunctory, pococurante, unconcerned
【反】 attentive, concerned, heedful, interested, mindful 關注的，感興趣的
【派】 complacency n. 自滿
imposter .
【考法 1】 n. 冒名頂替者，騙子： one that assumes false identity or title for the purpose of deception
【例】 The man who claimed to be my townsman turned out to be an impostor. 那個自稱是我老鄉(xiāng)的人結果是個騙子。
【近】 charlatan, fake, fraud, hoaxer, humbug, mountebank, phony, pretender, quack, quacksalver, ringer, sham incumbent
【考法 1】 adj. 義不容辭的，必須的： imposed as an obligation or duty
【例】 It is incumbent upon individuals to sacrifice for their country when it is in danger. 當國家受難時，個人應該義不容辭地為國做出犧牲。‖It is incumbent upon the press to act not in its own best interests, but in society's best interests. 對于媒體來說，為社會的利益（而非自身利益）服務是其應盡的義務。
【近】 compulsory, forced, imperative, incumbent, involuntary, necessary, obligatory, peremptory, required
【反】 elective, optional, voluntary 可選擇的
splinter .
【考法 1】 n. 尖細條，刺： a sharp, slender piece, as of wood, bone, glass, or metal, split or broken off from a main body
【例】 She got a splinter from the unfinished wall. 她的手被還沒有裝修的墻扎了一根刺。
【近】 chip, flake, sliver, spall, splint
【反】 chunk, slab 厚板
【考法 2】 vt. 切成細條： to split or break into sharp, slender pieces
【例】 splintered the carrots into little sticks 把胡蘿卜切成絲
【近】 slice
calibrate
【考法 1】 vt. 校準，調校： to check, adjust, or determine by comparison with a standard (the graduations of a quantitative measuring instrument)
【例】 We need to calibrate the sextants navigation. 我們要為航行校準六分儀。
【近】 adjust, align, gauge, graduate, measure
【派】 calibration n. 校準
commiserate
【考法 1】 vi. 表示憐憫，同情： to feel or express sympathy
【例】 commiserated over their failure 對他們的失敗表示同情‖We commiserated with him but there was little we could do to make the situation better. 我們很同情他的遭遇，但是也只能表示無能為力。
【近】 ache, bleed, compassionate, condole, sympathize, yearn
nullification
【考法 1】 n. （尤指法律條文等正式的）廢除，廢棄： the doing away with something by formal action
【例】 the nullification of a treaty 廢除條約
【近】 abolishment, abrogation, annulment, cancellation, invalidation, negation, repeal, rescindment, voiding
【反】 enactment, legislation 立法；establishment, founding, institution 建立
behoove .
【考法 1】 vt. 對…有利的： to be necessary, proper or advantageous for
【例】 It behooves you at least to try. 你至少也應該嘗試一下。
【近】 befit, beseem, fit, serve, suite
coarse
【考法 1】 adj. 粗糙的，表面不平整的： not having a level or smooth surface
【例】 the coarse surface of the sandpaper 砂紙的粗糙表面
【近】 broken, bumpy, irregular, jagged, lumpy, pebbly, ragged, rough, roughened, rugged, scraggy
【反】 even, flat, level, plane 表面平整的；smooth 表面光滑的
【考法 2】 adj. （聲音）刺耳的： harsh, raucous, or rough in tone
【例】 a coarse laugh from the living room 客廳里傳來的一陣刺耳笑聲
【近】 croaking, croaky, grating, gravel, gruff, husky, rasping, raspy, rusty, scratchy, throaty
【反】 gentle, gliding, golden, liquid, mellifluent, mellifluous, mellow, soothing, sweet, tender （聲音）柔美的
【考法 3】 adj. 粗俗的： lacking in delicacy or refinement
【例】 They don't know how to behave, and are coarse and insulting. 他們不知道平常的行為禮節(jié)，因此顯得粗俗而冒犯。
【近】 crass, crude, gross, incult, lowbred, raffish, rude, uncouth, uncultivated, unpolished, unrefined, vulgar
【反】 civilized, cultivated, cultured, genteel, polished, refined, smooth, tasteful 有教養(yǎng)的，舉止得體的
【考法 4】 adj. （質量）低劣的： of low, common, or inferior quality
【例】 coarse imitations of quality merchandise 高級商品的粗劣仿制品
【近】 execrable, inferior, lousy, mediocre, miserable, rotten, rubbishy, shoddy, sleazy, terrible, trashy, wretched
【反】 excellent, fine, superior （品質）優(yōu)良的
adj. 栽植的，有教養(yǎng)的
動詞cultiva
