grit
【考法 1】 n. (面對困難時所表現出來的)毅力: the strength of mind that enables a person to endure pain or hardship
【例】 She was an athlete with true grit, continuing her training despite bad weather and an injury. 她是真正一個有著驚人毅力的運動員,即便是在受了傷外加天氣惡劣的情況下仍然堅持訓練。
【近】 backbone, constancy, fiber, grittiness, guts, intestinal fortitude, pluck, spunk
【反】 cowardliness, cravenness, gutlessness, pusillanimity, spinelessness 懦弱
infraction .
【考法 1】 n. 違背,違犯: a failure to uphold the requirements of law, duty, or obligation
【例】 Speeding is only a minor infraction, but vehicular homicide is a serious felony. 超速只是小的違章,但是用機動車故意殺人就是重罪了。
【近】 breach, contravention, infringement, transgression, trespass, violation
【反】 observance 遵守
madcap .
【考法 1】 n. 熱愛冒險的人: a person who seeks out very dangerous or foolhardy adventures with no apparent fear
【例】 an incorrigible madcap who loves drag racing and white-water rafting 一個熱愛飆車和激流竹筏的無藥可救的冒險狂
【近】 daredevil, madman
【考法 2】 adj. 大膽的,魯莽的: behaving or acting impulsively or rashly;foolishly adventurous or bold
【例】 They switched from one madcap scheme to another. 他們從一個魯莽的方案換到了另一個。
【近】 audacious, bold, brash, daredevil, overbold, overconfident, reckless, temerarious
【反】 careful, cautious, circumspect, guarded, heedful, prudent, wary 謹慎的,小心的
novice
【考法 1】 n. 新手,初學者: a person new to a field or activity
【例】 a novice chess player 象棋初學者
【近】 apprentice, colt, fledgling, freshman, greenhorn, neophyte, newcomer, recruit, rook, tenderfoot, tyro, virgin
【反】 doyen, maven, veteran 有經驗的人
observant
【考法 1】 adj. 警惕的,警覺的: paying close attention usually for the purpose of anticipating approaching danger or opportunity
【例】 Good reporters are keenly observant of everything around them. 優秀的記者應該對身邊所有的事情都保持高度的警惕。‖If you were more observant, you would perceive that something is troubling her deeply. 如果你能再警覺一些的話,你就會發現她正被某些東西困擾。
【近】 alert, attentive, awake, cautious, sharp, vigilant, watchful
【反】 careless, heedless, inattentive, unmindful, unthinking, unwary 不謹慎的
【考法 2】 adj. 嚴格遵守(規章、制度或原則)的: diligent in observing a law, custom, duty, or principle
【例】 observant of the speed limit 嚴格遵守速度限制‖pious and religiously observant families 虔誠而嚴守教規的家庭
【近】 law-abiding
【派】 observance n. 遵守(規定)
plenitude
【考法 1】 n. 豐富,充沛: an amount or supply more than sufficient to meet one's needs
【例】 a region blessed with a plenitude of natural resources 充滿著上帝賜予的豐富資源的地區
【近】 abundance, cornucopia, feast, plentitude, plethora, wealth
【反】 deficiency, inadequacy, insufficiency, undersupply 匱乏,不足
【考法 2】 n. 大量: a considerable amount
【例】 She has gathered a plenitude of information on the topic. 有關這個話題她收集了大量的資料。
【近】 bunch, bundle, dozen, multiplicity, myriad, plateful, plenty, profusion, reams, scads, spate, stack, volume
【反】 ace, bit, glimmer, handful, hint, mite, nip, ounce, pittance, speck, spot, trace 少量
replenish
【考法 1】 vt. 補充: to fill or make complete again; add a new stock or supply to
【例】 He went to replenish her glass. 他去續杯了。
【近】 refill, reload
【反】 consume, drain, empty, exhaust 清空,耗盡
stasis .
【考法 1】 n. 平衡,停滯: a condition of balance among various forces
【例】 For the time being, the populations of the national park's predators and prey remain in stasis. 目前國家公園中捕食者和獵物的數量保持著一定的平衡。‖Language is a primary element of culture,and stasis in the arts is tantamount to death. (Charles Marsh) 語言是文化當中的主要元素,藝術的停滯和平衡就等同于死亡。--查理斯·馬氏
【近】 counterpoise, equilibration, equilibrium, equipoise, poise
【反】 disequilibration, disequilibrium, imbalance, nonequilibrium, unbalance 不平衡
tycoon .
【考法 1】 n. 大亨,巨頭: a person of rank, power, or influence in a particular field
【例】 an oil tycoon who's widely considered the most powerful man in the county 被認為是郡上最有勢力的一個石油大亨‖The automobile tycoon is on the verge of bankruptcy. 汽車巨頭瀕臨破產的邊緣。
【近】 baron, captain, king, lion, lord, magnate, mogul, monarch, prince
【反】 nobody, nothing, zero 不起眼的人物
umbrage .
【考法 1】 n. 不悅,生氣: the feeling of being offended or resentful after a slight or indignity
【例】 He would take umbrage at the slightest suggestion of disrespect. 哪怕是一點點的不敬也會讓他不悅。
【近】 dudgeon, huff, miff, offense, peeve, resentment
【反】 contentment, delight, gratification, happiness, pleasure 滿意,高興
adj. 較小的,較少的,次要的
n. 未成年