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antedate .
【考法 1】 vt. 比…早，早于： to be of an earlier date than
【例】 The church antedates the village itself. 這座教堂甚至在村莊之前就存在了。‖Dinosaurs antedate cavemen by millions of years. 恐龍比穴居人要早幾百萬年出現。
【近】 antecede, forego, predate, preexist
【反】 follow, postdate, succeed 晚于
arbitrary
【考法 1】 adj. 專橫的，獨斷專行的： having or showing a tendency to force one's will on others without any regard to fairness or necessity
【例】 an arbitrary piano teacher who makes all her students do the same exercises over and over again 一個讓學生反復練習同一首曲子的專橫的老師
【近】 dictatorial, imperious, peremptory, willful
【考法 2】 adj. 獨裁的，擁有無限權力的： exercising power or authority without interference by others
【例】 a nation with no tradition of democracy, only a long history of arbitrary rulers 一個從來沒有民主的傳統，只有長期的獨裁統治的國家
【近】 autocratic, czarist, despotic, monocratic, tyrannic, tyrannous
【反】 limited （權力）受限的；democratic 民主的；republican 共和的
【考法 3】 adj. 缺乏計劃的，隨意的： lacking a definite plan, purpose, or pattern
【例】 The order of the names of the 10 semifinalists is entirely arbitrary. 半決賽上十名上場選手的順序完全是隨機的。
【近】 aimless, desultory, erratic, haphazard, scattered, slapdash, stray, willy-nilly
【反】 methodical, orderly, organized, regular, systematic, systematized 有序的，有組織的
bogus
【考法 1】 adj. 偽造的，假冒的： being such in appearance only and made or manufactured with the intention of committing fraud
【例】 The evidence turned out to be completely bogus and the suspect may be innocent. 由于證據被發現是徹底偽造的，嫌犯很有可能是無辜的。
【近】 counterfeit, fake, false, forged, inauthentic, phony , queer, sham, snide, spurious, unauthentic
【反】 authentic, genuine, real, unfaked, bona fide 真實的
【考法 2】 adj. 虛偽的，做作的： lacking in natural or spontaneous quality
【例】 There was often a lot of bogus conviviality at the company's parties. 公司的聚會上往往有著虛偽的歡樂。
【近】 affected, assumed, contrived, factitious, feigned, plastic, pretended, pseudo, simulated, unnatural
【反】 artless, natural, spontaneous, unaffected, uncontrived, unfeigned, unforced 真誠的，不虛偽的
brandish .
【考法 1】 vt. （帶有威脅性地）揮舞： to shake or wave (as a weapon) menacingly
【例】 I could see that the suspect was brandishing a knife and was in no way inclined to surrender. 我可以看到嫌犯在揮舞著一把刀，完全沒有要投降的傾向。
【近】 shake, swing, wave
【反】 drop 放下（武器等）
cherished .
【考法 1】 adj. 受喜愛的，珍愛的： granted special treatment or attention
【例】 a cherished heirloom that has been in the family for generations 在這個家族里流傳了幾代的為大家喜愛的紡織機‖He described the picture with his wife as his most cherished possession. 他把這張與妻子和合影看作是自己最為珍愛的財富。
【近】 beloved, dear, favored, favorite, fond, loved, pet, precious, special, sweet
【反】 abhorred, abominated, despised, detested, disdained, disliked, execrated, hated, loathed 被厭惡的
counterproductive
【考法 1】 adj. 反效果的，阻礙預期目標的： not producing or tending to hinder the attainment of a desired goal
【例】 Violence as a means to achieve an end is counterproductive. (W. E. Brock) 用暴力來實現目標往往是事與愿違的。--W. E. 布洛克‖His uncontrollable anger is very counterproductive to his attempt at saving his marriage. 他無法自控的憤怒只會對他拯救婚姻的企圖起反作用。
【近】 feckless, hamstrung, ineffective, ineffectual, inefficacious, inefficient, inexpedient
【反】 effective, effectual, efficacious, efficient, expedient, operant 行之有效的
deflect .
【考法 1】 vt. 使偏斜，使轉向： to turn aside especially from a straight course or fixed direction
【例】 The goalie deflected the ball with his hands. 守門員用雙手將球擊出。‖They are trying to deflect the public attention from the troubled economy. 他們試圖將公眾的注意力從經濟的困境中移開。
【近】 divert, redirect, swing, veer, wheel, whip
【派】 deflection n. 偏轉，偏離
erroneous .
【考法 1】 adj. 錯誤的，不正確的： containing or characterized by error
【例】 The news article about the new drug was filled with much erroneous information. 有關新藥的新聞報道里充斥著大量的錯誤信息。
【近】 inaccurate, incorrect, inexact, invalid, mistaken, unsound, untrue, untruthful, wrong
【反】 accurate, correct, errorless, exact, precise, right, sound, true, valid, veracious 正確的，準確的
fanciful .
【考法 1】 adj. 幻想中的，不真實的： not real and existing only in the imagination
【例】 a fanciful tale of a monster in the woods 一個有關棲息在叢林中的怪獸的傳說故事
【近】 chimerical, fabulous, fantastic, fictional, fictitious, ideal, invented, mythical, notional, phantom, visionary
【反】 actual, existent, existing, real 真實存在的
【考法 2】 adj. 不切實際的，荒謬的： conceived or made without regard for reason or reality
【例】 She harbors the fanciful notion that she has a talent for singing. 她懷著一個不切實際的空想：她有著歌唱家的天賦。
【近】 absurd, bizarre, crazy, foolish, insane, nonsensical, preposterous, unreal, wild
【反】 realistic, reasonable 現實的，有理的
fleeting .
【考法 1】 adj. 稍縱即逝的，短暫的： lasting only for a short time; passing swiftly
【例】 They have been waiting for more than 4 hours but caught only a fleeting glimpse of the movie star. 他們苦等了至少四個小時，卻最終只短短地瞟到了電影明星一眼。
【近】 brief, ephemeral, evanescent, flash, fugitive, impermanent, passing, temporary, transient, transitory
【反】 ceaseless, deathless, eternal, everlasting, immortal, lasting, permanent, perpetual, timeless 永恒的
n. 暴力，猛烈，強暴，暴行
