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The Summer Palace in Brief
頤和園簡介
The Summer Palace, dominated mainly by Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake, covers an area of 2.9 square kilometers, three quarters of which is under water. Its 70,000 square meters of building space features a variety of palaces, gardens and other ancient-style architectural structures. Well known for its large and priceless collection of cultural relics, it was among the first group of historical and cultural heritage sites in China to be placed under special state protection.
頤和園主景區由萬壽山、昆明湖組成，全園占地2.9平方公里，水面約占四分之三。園內現存各式宮殿、園林古建7萬平方米，并以珍貴的文物藏品聞名于世，是第一批全國重點文物保護單位。
The Summer Palace, originally named Qingyi Yuan or the Garden of Clear Ripples, was first constructed in 1750. It was razed to the ground by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in 1860. The Government of the Qing Dynasty started to rebuild it in 1886 with funds that it had misappropriated from the Imperial Navy and other sources. Renamed two years later as Yihe Yuan or the Garden of Health and Harmony, it was supposed to serve as a summer resort for the Empress Dowager Cixi. Known also as the Summer Palace, it was ravaged by the Allied Forces of the Eight Powers that invaded China in 1900. The damage was repaired in 1902. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Summer Palace has undergone several major renovations. Its major attractions such as the Four Great Regions, Suzhou Street, the Pavilion of Bright Scenery, the Hall of Serenity, the Wenchang Galleries and the Plowing and Weaving Scenery Area have been successively restored.
頤和園前身為清漪園，始建于清朝乾隆十五年(1750)，咸豐十年(1860)被英法聯軍燒毀。光緒十二年(1886)，清廷挪用海軍經費等款項開始重建，并于兩年后取用今名，作為慈禧太后的頤養之所。一九零零年又遭八國聯軍破壞，一九零二年修復。中華人民共和國成立后，幾經修繕，頤和園陸續復建了四大部洲、蘇州街、景明樓、澹寧堂、文昌院、耕織圖等重要景區。
The Summer Palace is a monument to classical Chinese architecture, in terms of both garden design and construction. Borrowing scenes from surrounding landscapes, it radiates not only the grandeur of an imperial garden but also the beauty of nature in a seamless combination that best illustrates the guiding principle of traditional Chinese garden design: “The works of men should match the works of Heaven”. In December 1998, UNESCO included the Summer Palace on its World Heritage List with the following comments: 1) The Summer Palace in Beijing is an outstanding expression of the creative art of Chinese landscape garden design, incorporating the works of humankind and nature in a harmonious whole; 2) The Summer Palace epitomizes the philosophy and practice of Chinese garden design, which played a key role in the development of this cultural form throughout the east; 3) The imperial Chinese garden, illustrated by the Summer Palace, is a potent symbol of one of the major world civilizations.
頤和園集傳統造園藝術之大成，借景周圍的山水環境，既有皇家園林恢弘富麗的氣勢，又充滿了自然之趣，高度體現了中國園林“雖由人作，宛自天開”的造園準則。一九九八年十二月，頤和園被聯合國教科文組織列入《世界遺產名錄》，并予以如下評價：1)北京的頤和園是對中國風景園林造園藝術的一種杰出的展現，將人造景觀與大自然和諧地融為一體;2)頤和園是中國的造園思想和實踐的集中體現，而這種思想和實踐對整個東方園林藝術文化形式的發展起了關鍵性的作用;3)以頤和園為代表的中國皇家園林是世界幾大文明之一的有力象征。
