評論
打印
口語中很多時候需要非謂語動詞的語法運用，但是大多數學生對于這個現象只是聽過，但是使用起來卻不知所以然。所以我在課上我會跟學生，尤其是基礎較好的學生來推薦用這個語法在口語中，這樣使口語的句子含金量更高，聽起來更加高大上。為了使學生正確使用，我會事先做個統一的講解，然后再要求學生盡量用在接下的表達中，這樣會減少出錯的概率，即使出錯了，經過我糾正，學生便知道錯在哪里。
在英語中,不作句子謂語,而具有除謂語外其他語法功能的動詞,叫做非謂語動詞.非謂語動詞有動詞不定式;動名詞;現在分詞;過去分詞。
用法是：
一、動詞不定式：(to)+do, 具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征。
1. 不定式的形式：
否定式：not + (to) do
(1) 一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生或發生在謂語動詞動作之后, 例如：I'm glad to meet you.
(2)進行式：不定式的進行式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生,例如：The boy pretended to be working hard.
(3)完成式：不定式的完成式表示的動作發生在謂語動詞動作之前,例如：I regretted to have told a lie.
2.不定式的句法功能：
(1)作主語：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
動詞不定式短語作主語時,常用it作形式主語,例如可用如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
(2)作表語：
Her job is to clean the hall.
(3)作賓語：
常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(賓語)后面有賓語補足語,則用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語(不定式)后置,放在賓語補足語后面,例如：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
(4)作賓語補足語：
在復合賓語中,動詞不定式可充當賓語補足語,如下動詞常跟這種復合賓語：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
(5)作定語：
動詞不定式作定語,放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后.與所修飾名詞有如下關系：
①動賓關系：
I have a meeting to attend.
注意：不定式為不及物動詞時,所修飾的名詞如果是地點、工具等,應有必要的介詞,如：
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
What did you open it with?
如果不定式修飾time, place, way,可以省略介詞：
He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動作承受者,不定式可用主動式也可用被動式：
Have you got anything to send?
Have you got anything to be sent?
②說明所修飾名詞的內容：
We have made a plan to finish the work.
③被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語：
He is the first to get here.
(6)作狀語：
①表目的：
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首時,邏輯主語與句子主語要一致：
wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.
right：To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
②表結果：
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only放在不定式前表示強調：
I visited him only to find him out.
③表原因：
They were very sad to hear the news.
④表程度：
It's too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer.
