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subservient
【考法 1】 adj. 奉承的，屈從的： obsequiously submissive
【近】 amenable, biddable, compliant, conformable, docile, obeisant, obsequious, servile, submissive, tractable
【反】 contumacious, defiant, intractable, obstreperous, rebellious, recalcitrant, refractory, unruly 不順從的
【派】 subservience n. 服從
subside
【考法 1】 vi. 下陷，下沉，減弱： to tend downward
【例】 Local officials say the flood waters have subsided. 當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T表示洪水已經(jīng)退去。‖As the noise of the siren subsided, I was able to fall back to sleep. 隨著警笛聲的減弱，我可以再次睡著了。‖The pain will subside in a couple of hours. 幾個小時之內(nèi)疼痛感就會退去的。
【近】 abate, decline, decrease, diminish, drop, dwindle, ebb, fall, lessen, moderate, recede, wane
【反】 balloon, burgeon, escalate, expand, grow, increase, intensify, rise, snowball, soar, wax 上升，增大
【派】 subsidence n. 下沉
subsidiary
【考法 1】 adj. 次要的： of secondary importance
【例】 The river has several subsidiary streams. 這條河擁有數(shù)條支流。
【近】 minor, secondary, subordinate, tributary
【反】 capital, cardinal, central, chief, key, leading, main, paramount, predominant, primary, principal, supreme 主要的，重要的
【考法 2】 adj. 起輔助作用的： furnishing aid or support
【例】 Attached are subsidiary materials. 附件當(dāng)中的是輔助資料。
【近】 accessory, auxiliary, contributory, supplemental, supporting, upholding
subsidy
【考法 1】 n. 補(bǔ)助金，津貼： monetary assistance granted by a government to a person or group in support of
an enterprise regarded as being in the public interest
【例】 a subsidy to manufacturers during the war 戰(zhàn)爭期間對制造商的補(bǔ)貼金
【近】 allotment, allowance, appropriation, grant, subvention
【派】 subsidize vt. 提供補(bǔ)助
substantial
【考法 1】 adj. 物質(zhì)的： of, relating to, or having substance
【例】 a world of dreams, even less substantial than a rainbow 一個夢想中的世界，甚至比彩虹還虛無縹緲
【近】 corporeal, concrete, gross, material, objective, physical, tangible
【反】 tenuous, vaporous 空洞的，空幻的；diaphanous, ethereal, immaterial 非物質(zhì)的
【考法 2】 adj. 有重大意義的： considerable in importance, value, degree, amount, or extent
【例】 made a substantial progress 取得了實質(zhì)性的進(jìn)展
【近】 consequential, considerable, earthshaking, important, meaningful, momentous, significant, weighty
【反】 inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, little, minor, negligible, slight, trifling, trivial 微不足道的
substantiate
【考法 1】 vt. 證實： to support with proof or evidence
【例】 There is little scientific evidence to substantiate the claims. 現(xiàn)在還缺乏足夠的科學(xué)證據(jù)來證實這種言論。
【近】 attest, authenticate, confirm, corroborate, justify, validate, verify
【反】 controvert, disprove, rebut, refute 反駁
【派】 substantiated adj. 經(jīng)證實的
【考法 2】 vt 使實體化： to give material form to
【例】 The artist's intense feelings are substantiated by his paintings' bold colors and broad brush strokes. 畫家強(qiáng)烈的情感通過他畫作中鮮艷的色彩和很寬的筆畫體現(xiàn)出來。
【近】 embody, epitomize, externalize, incarnate, incorporate, manifest, materialize, personalize
【反】 disembody 使脫離肉體
【派】 substantiated adj. 已證實的
substantive
【考法 1】 adj. 本質(zhì)的，關(guān)鍵的： of or relating to the essence or substance
【例】 The substantive information is their political stance. 關(guān)鍵的信息是他們的政治立場。
【近】 constitutional, elemental, essential, fundamental, substantial, vital
【反】 inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, insubstantial, negligible, nominal 不重要的
subterfuge
【考法 1】 n. 狡計： deception by artifice or stratagem in order to conceal, escape, or evade
【例】 The spy obtained the documents by subterfuge. 間諜通過狡猾的計謀獲得了文件。
【近】 artifice, cheat, chicanery, deception, fraud, trickery, wile
subtle
【考法 1】 adj. 微妙的，難以感知的： (so slight as to be)difficult to understand or perceive
【例】 subtle differences in meaning between the words 單詞詞義之間的細(xì)微差別
【近】 delicate, elusive, evasive, faint, fine, impalpable, intangible, nice, slight
【反】 blatant, conspicuous, obvious, patent, plain 明顯的； open, public 公開的
【考法 2】 adj. 巧妙的，間接或帶有欺騙性的： clever at attaining one's ends by indirect and often deceptive
means
【例】 used subtle methods of persuasion 采用了十分巧妙的勸說方式
【近】 beguiling, crafty, cunning, cute, designing, devious, foxy, guileful, scheming, shrewd, sly, tricky, wily
【反】 artless, guileless, ingenuous, innocent, undesigning 天真純樸的，無偽裝的
【派】 subtlety n. 微妙；微妙的想法
subvert
【考法 1】 vt. 顛覆： to overturn or overthrow from the foundation
【例】 an alleged plot to subvert the state 一個謠傳的旨在推翻政權(quán)的陰謀
【近】 overthrow, overturn, topple
【反】 reinforce 加強(qiáng)
【派】 subversion n. 顛覆
adj. 反抗的，反對的，頑強(qiáng)的 n. 反抗的人，頑強(qiáng)者
