New Words and Expressions:

environmental
a. （自然）環(huán)境的

environment n.

sensitivity
n. 敏感（性）

belief
n. 信念，信仰；相信

democracy
n. 民主（制度）

conflicting
a. being in disagreement, collision, or opposition 不一致的，沖突的，矛盾的

conflict vi.

proposal
n. sth. proposed 提議，建議

restriction
n. sth. that restricts, such as a law or rule 限制；限制性規(guī)定

regulation
n. an official rule or order 規(guī)章；規(guī)定

in the name of
for the reason of; using the excuse of 以…為由，以…為借口，以…的名義

distinguish
v. recognize the difference (between) 區(qū)別，辨別

regardless
ad. in spite of everything; anyway 不顧一切地；無論如何

fundamental
a. of the basis or foundation of sth. 基本的，根本的

environmentalism
n. 環(huán)境保護(hù)論；環(huán)境論

combat
v. fight or struggle (against) （與…）斗爭(zhēng)，戰(zhàn)斗

ecological
a. of ecology 生態(tài)的；生態(tài)學(xué)的

atmosphere
n. 大氣；氣氛

ozone
n. 臭氧

layer
n. a single thickness of a material covering a surface 層

reduction
n. making or becoming less or smaller 減少

cancer
n. 癌，惡性腫瘤

cataract
n. 白內(nèi)障

plankton
n. 浮游生物

reality
n. 現(xiàn)實(shí)；真實(shí)

speculative
a. 猜測(cè)性的，推測(cè)的

consequence
n. the result or effect of an action or condition 后果，結(jié)果

deadly
a. causing or able to cause fatal injury or serious damage 致命的，毀滅性的

melt
v. (cause a solid to) become liquid （使）融化，（使）熔化

urgent
a. calling for immediate attention 緊急的；急迫的

universal
a. 全世界的；普遍的，全體的

unashamedly
ad. without showing guilt or embarrassment 坦然地，滿不在乎地

man-centered
a. 以人為中心的，只考慮人類的利益的

call for
require, demand 要求

on the grounds of/on…grounds
for reasons of 因?yàn)椋灰浴瓰槔碛?br />
self-preservation
n. 自我保護(hù)

sentimentalize
vt. treat or consider in a sentimental way 感情用事地對(duì)待（或看待）

creature
n. a living being, especially an animal 生物（尤指動(dòng)物）

resistance
n. opposition 反對(duì)，反抗

voter
n. 投票者，（法定）選舉人

vote
v. express one's choice in favour of (a person or political party) at an election 投票選舉

snail darter
n. 蝸牛魚（一種瀕臨絕種的很小的淡水魚）

run/go against the grain (of sth. or to do sth.)
be contrary to one's inclination, desire, or feeling 與（…）格格不入；違反意愿（做某事）

contemporary
a. current; modern 當(dāng)代的，現(xiàn)代的

worship
n., vt. 崇拜；崇敬

to the point of
to a degree that can be described as 達(dá)到…的程度

excess
n. more than the reasonable degree or amount 過節(jié)，無節(jié)制

organism
n. 生物體，有機(jī)體

spiritual
a. of the spirit as opposed to matter 精神的；非物質(zhì)的

nothing more than
just the same as; only 無異于；只不過，僅僅

sentimental
a. 感情用事的；多愁善感的

selective
a. of or characterized by selection 選擇的；有選擇性的

Bengali
n., a. 孟加拉人（的）；孟加拉語（的）；孟加拉的

jungle
n. 雜亂無章的事物；（熱帶）叢林

current
a. occurring in or existing at the present time 當(dāng)前的，現(xiàn)在的

debate
n. 辯論；爭(zhēng)論

rage
vi. continue with great force; be intense 激烈地進(jìn)行

wildlife
n. wild animals and vegetation, especially animals living in a natural state （總稱）野生動(dòng)物（尤指野生動(dòng)物）

refuge
n. a place providing protection or shelter 庇護(hù)所；避難處

work one's way
manage to reach or go through; make efforts to attain one's goal 設(shè)法抵達(dá)（或獲得通過）；努力達(dá)到目標(biāo)

congress
n. 國(guó)會(huì)；立法機(jī)關(guān)；代表大會(huì)

exploration
n. the act or an instance of exploring 勘查，探測(cè)；探索

conserve
vt. protect from loss or harm; preserve 保護(hù)；保存

either/or
a. 只能兩者擇其一的

proposition
n. 提議；命題

consumption
n. the act of consuming; the amount consumed 消費(fèi)（量）

come through
experience, survive or overcome (a difficulty, etc.) 經(jīng)歷；從（…中）活下來（或挺過來）

in part
to some extent; partly 在某種程度上；部分地

dependence
n. the state of being dependent 依靠，依賴

ridiculous
a. absurd 可笑的，荒謬的

sentimentalism
n. 感情用事；多愁善感，感傷主義

deny
vt. refuse to grant or allow 不給；不準(zhǔn)

attainable
a. that can be reached or achieved 可達(dá)到的；可得到的

attain
vt. 達(dá)到；取得

disrupt
vt. throw into confusion or disorder 使陷于混亂；干擾

breeding ground
動(dòng)物繁殖的地方

breed (bred)
v. bear, produce (young) （使）繁殖；產(chǎn)（后代）

reindeer
n. （單復(fù)同）馴鹿

Arctic
a., n. 北級(jí)（的），北極圈（的）

mate
v. （使）交配

similarly
ad. in a similar way 同樣地，相同地

owl
n. 貓頭鷹

aesthetic
a. 美學(xué)的；美感的；美的

livelihood
n. a means of living 生計(jì)

logging
n. 伐木業(yè)

log
v. cut down, trim, and haul (timber) 砍伐；伐（木）

distinction
n. difference 區(qū)別，差別

charge
n. a person or thing committed to the care of another 被照管的人（或事物）

well-being
n. the state of being healthy, happy, or prosperous 幸福；福祉

accommodate
vi. adapt 適應(yīng)新的情況；遷就
vt. 容納，向…提供住處；協(xié)調(diào)

accommodation n.

fate
n. 命運(yùn)，結(jié)局

bind (bound)
vt. tie or fasten; tie together 捆，綁；將…綁在一起

e.g. (abbr.)
for example 例如

atmospheric
a. of, relating to, or existing in the atmosphere 大氣的

threat
n. 威脅

lesser
a. smaller in amount, value, or importance 較小的，更少的，次要的

pollutant
n. something that pollutes 污染物

generator
n. 發(fā)電機(jī)

fatal
a. causing death; bringing ruin 致命的；毀滅性的

ecosystem
n. 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)

moderate
a. not extreme; within sensible limits 適中的；適度的

concern
n. 有利害關(guān)系的事，關(guān)心的事，擔(dān)擾

frame
n. state, condition; basic structure around which sth. is built 狀態(tài)；框架，構(gòu)架

frame of mind
mental attitude or outlook 心緒；心境

humanistic
a. of humanism or humanists 人本主義的，人文主義的

Proper Names

Charles Krauthammer
杰爾斯·克勞特哈默

Midwest
美國(guó)中西部

Lowa
（美國(guó)）愛荷華州

Albuquerque
阿爾伯克基（美國(guó)新墨西哥州城市）

Siberia
西伯利亞（俄羅斯一地區(qū)）

Gaia
（希神）蓋亞（大地女神）

Protagoras
普羅泰戈拉 （c. — c. B.C.，古希臘哲學(xué)家）

Alaska
（美國(guó)）阿拉斯加州

Language sense Enhancement:
. Read aloud paragraphs - and learn them by heart.
2. Read aloud the following poem:

The Beauty of Nature
James Teh

One cool evening, I put aside all duty,
To sit alone, watching the sun set,
And as I do, I think of scenes filled with beauty,
Scenes I wish to never forget.

I think of the beach, with the sand and the sea,
The waves roaring up, then gently lapping the beach,
The cries of the seagulls, so happy, so free,
It only men realized the lesson it can teach.

I think of a lake, the crystal clear water,
So pure, so smooth, and cool on my skin,
The air, so clean, no toxic slaughter,
There's a key, a lesson held within.

I think of a waterfall, water freely flowing,
The gentle gush, gurgling in my ears,
The wind on my face, calmly blowing,
So many have not learnt in so many years.

The sunset, the beach, the lake, the waterfall,
They're things of nature, not man-made at all,
Characteristics unbeatable by man have they all,
They're peace and beauty, both of which it seems men want to fall.

. Read the following quotations. Learn them by heart if you can. You might need to look up new words in a dictionary.

Complete adaptation to environment means death. The essential point in all response is the desire to control environment.
—— John Dewey

We won't have a society if we destroy the environment.
—— Margaret Mead

We make the world we live in and shape our own environment.
—— Orison Swett Marden

When man is happy, he is in harmony with himself and his environment.
—— Oscar Wilde

.Read the following joke for fun:

Man: how many environmentalists does it take to change a light bulb?
Woman: Ten. One to install the new bulb and nine to figure out what to do with the discarded bulb for the next , years.