New Words and Expressions:

messiness
n. 雜亂狀況

messy a.

massive
a. large in scale, amount, or degree 大量的，大規模的

vocabulary
n. 詞匯（量）

snack
n. a small meal 快餐，點心

snack bar
快餐柜，小吃店

parade
n. 游行；閱兵隊列

hit parade
a weekly listing of the current best-selling pop records 流行唱片目錄

corrupt
vt. cause errors to appear in; cause to act dishonestly in return for personal gains 訛用，使（語言）變得不標準；腐蝕，賄賂

ban
vt. forbid (sth.) officially 禁止，取締

walkman
n. a small cassette player 隨身聽

strictly speaking
嚴格地講

invent
vt. 發明

invention n.

fascinating
a. of great interest or attraction 迷人的，有極大吸引力的

manufacturer
n. 制造商

product
n. 產品

tolerance
n. 容忍，寬容；忍耐

to a (very real, certain, etc.) extent
to the degree specified 在（極大，某種）程度上

necessity
n. 必需品；必要（性）

Anglo-Saxon
n. 盎格魯—薩克遜人

arouse
vt. provoke (a particular feeling or attitude) 喚起，激起

channel
n. 海峽；渠道；頻道

surrender
v. give in 投降

virtually
ad. for the most part, almost 差不多，幾乎

invade
vt. enter with armed forces 侵入，侵略

Celt
n. 凱爾特人

inhabit
vt. live in (a place) 居住于

Welsh
a., n. 威爾士語（的），威爾士人的

mystery
n. 神秘的事物

Sanskrit
n. 梵語

resemble
vt. be like or similar to 與…相似

Greek
n. 希臘語

Latin
n. 拉丁語

systematic
a. done according to a system 有系統的

descend
vi. come down (from a source); go down 起源于；下來

linguist
n. a person who studies languages 語言學家

Indo-European
a. 印歐語系的

wolf
n. 狼

scholar
n. 學者

establish
vt. cause to be, set up 建立，確立

drift
vi. move or go somewhere in a slow casual way 漂泊

climate
n. (an area or a region with) a regular pattern of weather conditions 氣候（區）

Germanic
a. 日耳曼（人）的，日耳曼語的，德國（人）的

tribe
n. 部落

pass (sth.) on to (sb.)
hand or give (sth.) to (sb.) 將…傳給…

influence
n. 影響

Christianity
n. 基督教

Christian
a. 基督教的

n. 基督教徒

disciple
n. 信徒，門徒

martyr
n. 殉難者，烈士

Norse
n. （古）斯堪的納維亞語

addition
n. a person or thing added 增加的人（或物）

Norman
n., a. 諾曼人（的），諾曼語（的），諾曼文化的

conquer
v. take possession and control by force; defeat 征服

kingly
a. 國王（般）的

royal
a. 國王或女王的；皇家的

sovereign
a. (of power) without limit, highest; (of a nation) fully independent 擁有最高統治權的，至高無上的；擁有主權的

alternative
n. one of two or more possibilities 供選擇的東西

modify
vt. change slightly 修改，更改

enrich
vt. make rich or richer; improve 使富裕，使豐富

Renaissance
n. （歐洲-世紀的）文藝復興

translation
n. 譯本，譯文；翻譯

Roman
a. 古羅馬的，拉丁語的

classic
n. a work of art recognized as having lasting value 經典作品

capsule
n. 密封小容器；膠囊；航天艙

habitual
a. done as a habit, regular, usual 慣常的

catastrophe
n. a sudden great disaster 大災難

thermometer
n. 溫度計

video
n., a. 錄像（的）

cyberspace
n. the notional environment in which communication over computer networks occurs 網絡空間，虛擬空間

independent
a. not controlled by other people or things 獨立的，自主的

source
n. 源，來源

out of control
失去控制，不受約束

academy
n. 學會，學院，研究院

fortunately
ad. by good luck 幸運地，幸虧

put into practice
將…付諸實施

Danish
a. 丹麥（人）的，丹麥語的

liberty
n. freedom 自由

strike out
create, produce 創造，開創

cultural
a. of or involving culture 文化的

nourish
vt. 滋養，培育

preserve
n. 獨占的地區或范圍；禁獵地
vt. keep from harm, damage, etc., protect; save 保護，保存

grammarian
n. 語法學家

intellectual
n., a. 知識分子（的）

elite
n. the group regarded as the best （總稱）出類拔萃的人，精英

Proper Names

Robert MacNeil
羅伯特·麥克尼爾

Winston Churchill
溫斯頓·丘吉爾（ — ，英國政治家、首相）

Hitler
希特勒（ — ，納粹德國元首）

Julius Caesar
尤利烏斯·凱撒（ — BC，古羅馬將軍、政治家）

Britain
英國

India
印度

Pakistan
巴基斯坦

Viking
（ — 世紀時劫掠歐洲西北海岸的）北歐海盜

Scandinavia
斯堪的納維亞

England
英格蘭

William Caxton
威廉·卡克斯頓（英國印刷商、翻譯家）

Otto Jespersen
奧托·葉斯柏森（ — ）

Language sense Enhancement:
1. Read aloud paragraphs - and learn by heart.
2. Read aloud the following poem:

Languages
Carl Sandbury

There are no handles upon a language
Whereby men take hold of it
And mark it with signs for its remembrance.
It is a river, this language,
Once in a thousand years
Breaking a new course
Changing its way to the ocean.
It is a mountain effluvia
Moving to valleys
And from nation to nation
Crossing borders and mixing.

3. Read the following quotations. Learn them by heart if you can. You might need to look up new words in a dictionary.

The English language is the sea which receives tributaries from every region under heaven.
—— Ralph Waldo Emerson

Language ought to be the joint creation of poets and manual workers.
—— Georqe Orwell

England and America are two countries separated by the same language.
—— Georqe Bernard Shaw

. Read the following joke and see if you can tell what caused the misunderstanding of the technician's words by the woman. You might need to look up new words in a dictionary.

An office technician got a call from a user. The user told the technician that her computer was not working. She described the problem and the technician concluded that the computer needed to be brought in and serviced.

He told her to "Unplug the power cord and bring it up here and I will fix it."

About fifteen minutes later she showed up at his door with the power cord in her hand.