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經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人:土耳其工人 不太安全

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Workers in Turkey

土耳其工人
Not so safe
不太安全
Turkey's building and mining boom raises questions about workers' safety
土耳其建筑業(yè)和礦業(yè)的繁榮也給工人們的安全帶了了問題
“THAT building was erected on my brother's blood,” Damla Kiyak, a 20-year-old student, declares. Two years ago her 30-year-old brother, Baris, a construction worker, burned to death, with ten others, in a tent on the site of a shopping mall in Esenyurt. This urban sprawl on the outskirts of Istanbul is a symbol of the building boom that is enriching Turkey's businessmen and politicians—and claiming the lives of thousands.
“那座建筑正建立在我兄弟的血肉之上,”年僅20的學(xué)生達(dá)姆拉·基亞克如是宣稱。兩年前她30歲的兄長巴里斯與其他10名建筑工人在Esenyurt的購物中心建筑工地的一個帳篷里被燒死。伊斯坦布爾郊區(qū)的這種城市擴(kuò)張現(xiàn)象正是建筑業(yè)繁榮的一個標(biāo)志,這也為土耳其的商人和政客們帶來益處,但有數(shù)以千計(jì)的生命作為代價。

The tent in which Baris died was meant for 50 people, but over 100 were crammed into it. They jammed electric blankets and stoves into a power outlet meant for telephone chargers. The tent was flammable. “Inspectors kept warning the owners that a fire was around the corner. They did nothing,” says Ms Kiyak, whose mother was approached by the firm to buy her silence. A legal fight over negligence by the owner continues.

巴里斯喪命的那個帳篷原本是只能容納50人,但卻被強(qiáng)制塞進(jìn)了超過100人。他們通過一個原本用作手機(jī)充電的插座用來共用電熱毯和爐子。帳篷是可燃物。“檢察員一直都在警告住戶火災(zāi)隨時都會發(fā)生,但他們無動于衷,”基亞克稱。公司試圖收買她的媽媽使其保持沉默。關(guān)于巴里斯所屬公司的疏忽的合法控訴還在繼續(xù)。
At least 14,455 workers have died in industrial accidents since the Justice and Development (AK) party came to power in 2002. “Turkey has the worst worker safety record in Europe,” says Murat Cakir of Yangin Kulesi, an advocacy group. The neglect was revealed by a recent mine explosion in Soma, which killed 302, the highest toll in Turkish history. There was no refuge chamber; oxygen masks did not work; methane leaks and fires occurred daily.
自正義與發(fā)展黨(AK)于2002年掌權(quán)后,至少有14455名工人死于工業(yè)事故。“在歐洲,土耳其的工人安全問題最嚴(yán)重,”來自宣傳小組Yangin Kulesi的穆拉特·卡吉爾如是說道。這種疏忽因?yàn)樽罱黢R的一場礦井爆炸而被揭露出來,那場爆炸致使302人死亡,傷亡人數(shù)創(chuàng)土耳其歷史最高。在那個礦井里沒有救生硐室,氧氣面罩也不管用,每天都有甲烷泄漏和火災(zāi)發(fā)生。
In October in Ermenek, another mining town, 18 miners died when a shaft flooded. “My son doesn't know how to swim,” cried a mother as rescue teams worked. Leaks had been detected, yet the owners did nothing, pushing workers to the limit. Miners talk of being forced to urinate in water bottles to save time.
10月,在另一個礦業(yè)城鎮(zhèn)埃爾梅內(nèi),18名礦工克死于傳送軸淹沒。“我的兒子不會游泳,”當(dāng)救援隊(duì)救援時,一位母親哀嚎。泄露的隱患早就被檢測出來了,但是礦主無動于衷,仍舊將礦工們逼入絕境。礦工們稱他們被強(qiáng)迫在水瓶內(nèi)小便以節(jié)省時間。
“Safety inspectors typically tip off owners, palms are greased,” explains Erbay Yucak, a lawyer helping Ms Kiyak. “But previous governments seem less corrupt only because the economy was far smaller.” AK has rammed through laws to punish negligent employers, but Ahmet Davutoglu, the prime minister, concedes that to improve safety “mentalities must change”.
“安全檢查員尤其和那些老板們暗中勾結(jié),收取賄賂,”幫助基亞克的一名律師Erbay Yucak解釋道:“但是以前的政府沒這么腐敗只是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)沒有現(xiàn)在這么發(fā)達(dá)。”AK強(qiáng)行通過法律來向疏忽的雇主們施壓,但是總理艾哈邁德·達(dá)甫托魯承認(rèn)為了提高安全質(zhì)量“心態(tài)必須做出改變”。
In Esenyurt danger lurks in a high-voltage line near a cluster of new high-rise blocks. “Crime, drugs, pollution, unemployment, ethnic tensions, Syrian refugees. It's all there,” says Ayse Cavdar, a social anthropologist. Esenyurt is a recruiting ground for jihadists, who are said to have been behind arson attacks on two Shia mosques in the summer. “Most people buy these flats online. They have no idea of the dangers,” says Atakan Ciftci, an opposition councillor.
在Esenyurt危險潛伏在一根靠近集群的新高樓街區(qū)的高壓線中。“犯罪、毒品、污染、失業(yè)、種族關(guān)系緊張以及敘利亞難民。全都集中在那兒。”社會人類學(xué)家Ayse Cavdar稱。Esenyurt是圣戰(zhàn)者的招募園地,這些圣戰(zhàn)者們據(jù)說是夏天兩起什葉派清真寺縱火案的幕后兇手。“大多數(shù)人上網(wǎng)買這些旗幟。他們對危險一無所知,”反對派議員Atakan Ciftci稱。
The government is reviving plans for a shopping centre at Gezi Park that triggered lethal protests last year. The president, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, is building an extravagant new palace in Ankara. The culture ministry wants a madrassa in the courtyard of the Haghia Sophia museum. Might this boost AK's hopes of converting the old church into a mosque?
政府正在重新計(jì)劃在加濟(jì)公園一家購物中心,這一計(jì)劃在去年引發(fā)了強(qiáng)烈抗議。總統(tǒng)埃爾多安正在安卡拉修建一座極為豪華的新宮殿。文化部想要在Haghia Sophia博物館擁有的土地上修建一所伊斯蘭學(xué)校。這會幫助AK'達(dá)成將老教堂轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€清真寺的希望嗎?譯者:邵夏沁 校對:王穎
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