評論
打印
Poland's government
波蘭政府
Flashes of competence
能力的體現
Poland's new prime minister is matter-of-fact to a fault
波蘭新總理坦然面對困難
Ewa Kopacz
埃娃·科帕奇
AS A chain-smoking doctor, Ewa Kopacz clearly has a certain appetite for personal risk. In her case, it also seems to exhaust any appetite for risk. But as she prepares to take over as prime minister of Poland, following Donald Tusk's elevation to the presidency of the European Council, her central message is one of safety. Her main promise to voters is that she will not make any radical changes before next year's parliamentary elections.
作為一個嗜煙的醫生，埃娃·科帕奇對個人風險有某種嗜好。對她來說，風險似乎會讓她筋疲力竭。在唐納德·圖斯克接任了在歐盟委員會的主席之后，科帕奇準備接任波蘭總理，其思想核心之一是安全。她對支持者的主要承諾是，在明年議會大選到來之前不做任何根本性的改變。
In foreign policy that means dropping the confrontational approach to Russia favoured by Mr Tusk and Radek Sikorski, his foreign minister. In domestic policy Ms Kopacz promises more nursery schools, more old-people's homes, help for students wanting to study abroad and measures to reduce youth unemployment.
波蘭外交政策上，圖斯克和前外交部長拉德克·斯考斯基更贊成減少與俄羅斯的對抗。在國內政策上，科帕奇允諾建立更多的幼兒學校，更多的養老院，幫助那些想要出國學習的孩子并且調控降低青年失業率。
“I don't suspect she has any vision,” says Jacek Zakowski, a Polish journalist. Ms Kopacz is a pragmatic centrist, he says, with perhaps a bit more of a natural sensitivity than Mr Tusk.
“我從不懷疑她是個有眼力的人”，波蘭記者亞瑟·扎克沃斯基說，“科帕奇是一個很實際的中立派議員，同時還比圖斯克多了一些天然的敏感性。”
Although she sets out to present a motherly public persona, Ms Kopacz occasionally displays flashes of Thatcherite steel. When she was health minister in 2009, she refused to be browbeaten into mandating an untested swine-flu vaccine, despite fears of a global epidemic. After the crash of a government plane in 2010 in Russia, which killed 96 people, including Poland's president, Ms Kopacz went to Moscow to take part in the stomach-churning work of identifying the dead.
即使她展現出一種慈母般的公眾形象，科帕奇偶爾會展示出撒切爾光環一般的閃光點。當她在2009年擔任衛生部大臣的時候，盡管當時是全球恐慌狀態，她也拒絕被迫批準未經檢疫的流感疫苗。2010年政府飛機在俄羅斯墜毀，包括當時的波蘭總統在內共有96人喪生，科帕奇前往莫斯科去參加那令人反胃的辨認尸體工作。
Ms Kopacz has promised similar toughness during this week's European Union talks on the reduction of carbon emissions, resisted by Poland, which relies heavily on coal for its power. She has promised her public cheap electricity prices and even threatened to veto the climate negotiations if they do not go her way.
在這周關于減少二氧化碳排放量的歐盟會議上，科帕奇表現出了相同的韌性，因為波蘭的傳統用煤來獲取能量。她也承諾了廉價的公共電力價格，如果不按照她的思路，她甚至威脅否決能源談判。
The new prime minister has done a good job of seizing control of the ruling Civic Platform party (PO). Some feared the party was about to destroy itself. But Ms Kopacz has carried along her biggest rivals, including Grzegorz Schetyna, who is now foreign minister, and Cezary Grabarczyk, who took the justice portfolio. As a result, PO is firmly under her control.
新總理在掌握對公民綱領黨的規劃控制方面已經做得很好了。一些人依然擔心這個黨派會自毀前程。但科帕奇已經說服了她最大的對手，新的外交大臣格熱戈日·謝蒂納，以及公平證券投資的賽扎里·格拉巴爾奇克。因此，公民綱領當最終落入她的掌控之中。
Jacek Rostowski, the former finance minister, on the other hand, has been sidelined by Ms Kopacz, who refused to make him chief of her team of economic advisers. Mr Sikorski was kicked upstairs to be speaker of parliament, but he is already in trouble with the new prime minister. She berated him this week after he was forced to make a humiliating retreat, first telling an American political-news website that Vladimir Putin had suggested to Mr Tusk that Poland and Russia carve up Ukraine between them. He later admitted that Mr Tusk had not met one-on-one with Mr Putin during his trip in February 2008 to Moscow. “My memory failed me,” he said.
另一方面，前任財長亞瑟·羅斯托斯基一直被科帕奇邊緣化，科帕奇拒絕讓他擔任她的經紀團隊顧問。斯考斯基被“踢”上了議會發言人的位置，但他也與新總統產生了隔閡。這周，在斯考斯基被迫做出的羞恥的退避，并首次向一家美國政治新聞網站透露，普京曾建議圖斯克，讓波蘭與俄羅斯一起瓜分烏克蘭位于他們中間的部分之后，遭到了科帕奇的嚴厲指責。他晚些時候承認，在2008年2月訪問莫斯科市沒有與普京進行單獨會面，“我的記憶害了我”，他說。
Poles seem to be taking to Ms Kopacz. They had grown tired of Mr Tusk who came to power in 2007. Ms Kopacz's early flashes of competence have easily surpassed the low bar set for her. A new poll shows PO at 34% compared with 30% for its main rival, the right-wing Law and Justice party (PiS). (PO was trailing PiS in polls in the last year of the Tusk government.)
波蘭人似乎接受了科帕奇，自2007年圖斯克執政以來他們已經漸感疲憊。科帕奇早期能力的體現已經遠遠超過了對她設立的最低標準。一項新的民意調查顯示，公民綱領黨擁有34%的支持率，而它的主要對手右翼法律公正黨只有30%。（在去年圖斯克政府的民調中公民綱領黨的支持率位居法律公正黨之后）
Ms Kopacz will lead her party into local elections in November before the national elections next year. Party activists have become more optimistic about PO's chances of winning both. If Ms Kopacz is still prime minister in 2016, she will need to define some form of a vision for Poland. “Will it be a deregulation agenda or a lightly social one? I don't know,” says Ryszard Petru, president of the Association of Polish Economists; “there are a lot of questions and not many answers.”
科帕奇將會在明年的國家大選之前的11月份當地選舉中領導她的政黨。入黨積極分子更加看好公民綱領黨這個雙贏的機會。如果科帕奇在2016年繼任總理，她將要為波蘭確定未來發展形勢。“這將會變成違規議程還是輕松地社會問題，我不得而知。”波蘭經濟學家聯合會的理夏德·彼特魯說，“這里有許多問題，但是卻沒有許多答案。”翻譯：崔夢雪 校對：周曉婷
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