世間萬物的存在,必定有其存在的價值和意義,每一個事物的產生必定有其產生的根源,并非憑空而降。
Lithium 鋰
鋰的發現史
鋰元素是1817年被瑞典年青的化學家阿爾費德森(Arfvedson J.A.1792—1841)年發現的。當時25歲的阿爾費德森在瑞典著名的化學家貝齊里烏斯(Berzelius J.J. 1779—1848)的實驗室工作,他在分析從攸桃島采集的透鋰長石時,發現礦石的組成成分總重量為97%,缺少3%,這使他考慮到在這種礦石中含有某種未知的新元素而沒能被分析出來。在進一步分析研究后,他發覺這種礦石所形成的硫酸鹽的性質與鉀和鈉的硫酸鹽不同,他利用新金屬硫酸鹽與鉀和鈉的硫酸鹽在水中的溶解度不同,首先分離出這種新金屬的硫酸鹽。
鋰是自然界里被發現的第三個堿金屬元素,因為鋰是從礦石中被發現的,它不同于鉀和鈉是從植物體中發現的,希臘文稱石頭為Lithos,所以貝齊里烏斯把這種新金屬稱為Lithium,化學符號Li,中譯名為鋰。
詞源:
Greek lithos meant ‘stone’. It has contributed a small cluster of words to English, including lithium (a metal so named from its mineral origin), lithops (the name of a small pebble-like plant, coined in the 1920s, which means literally ‘stoneface’ in Greek), lithosphere (the solid outer layer of the Earth), lithotomy (the surgical removal of stones from the bladder), megalith,monolith, and the various terms for subdivisions of the Stone Age, such as Neolithic and Paleolithic. Lithography itself, which denotes a method of printing from a flat surface, means etymologically ‘stone-writing’, reflecting the fact that the original printing surfaces in this process were of stone (they are now usually metal).
詞根:litho- 表示石頭之意
lithograph 平板印刷術
lithology 巖石學
lithophytes 巖表植物
lithosol 石質土
lithosphere 巖石圈
lithotomy 切石術
Neolithic 新石器時代的
Paleolithic 舊石器時代的