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商業(yè)報(bào)道
German firms in Russia
俄羅斯與德企
Lovers, not fighters
愛人，不是敵人
German exporters are pushing back against economic sanctions on Russia
德國的出口商抵制對俄羅斯的經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁
DIPLOMATS wonder if Germany will ever back harsh consequences for Russia over its invasion of Crimea.
外交官們在德國是否會對俄羅斯入侵克里米亞時(shí)間嚴(yán)重后果回?fù)簟?/div>
Second-world-war history weighs on German decision-making.
然而，一方面，第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的歷史影響著德國的決策，
But economics does too.
另一方面，經(jīng)濟(jì)方面也是其權(quán)衡思量的因素。
Germany gets about a third of its oil and gas from Russia.
德國約三分之一的石油和天然氣都來自俄羅斯。
It also sends a lot of its exports of manufactured goods there.
同時(shí)，德國也有大量工業(yè)產(chǎn)品對俄出口。
Germany alone accounts for almost a third of the EU's total exports to Russia.
在歐盟對俄總出口中德國就占了近三分之一。
And Russia is Germany's 11th-biggest export market, worth 36 billion last year.
就在去年，俄羅斯成為德國的第十一大出口市場，價(jià)值36000000000。
The Committee on Eastern European Economic Relations, a lobby group representing big businesses,
作為代表大企業(yè)的游說團(tuán)體，東歐經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系委員會認(rèn)為，300000個(gè)德國工作崗位取決于與俄羅斯的貿(mào)易，
says that 300,000 German jobs depend on trade with Russia, 6,200 companies with German owners are active in Russia, and German companies have invested 20 billion there.
6200家德國公司活躍并已投資20000000000在俄羅斯市場。
No surprise, then, that the committee's boss calls sanctions senseless.
因而，該委員會的主席稱制裁毫無意義便絲毫不令人感到驚奇了。
The biggest export industry is cars and motor parts.
德國最大的出口產(chǎn)業(yè)是汽車和摩托車零部件產(chǎn)業(yè)。
Daimler, BMW and Volkswagen have all been pushing into Russia:
奔馳，寶馬和大眾都被推進(jìn)了俄羅斯市場：
though Germany's overall exports to the country fell by 5% last year, the motor industry's sales rose by 22%.
盡管德國的國家出口整體下降了去年的5%，但汽車行業(yè)的銷售量卻增長了22%。
VW is the leader, selling more than 200,000 cars there last year.
其中又以大眾為領(lǐng)頭羊，去年在俄汽車銷售量超過200000。
In public, the car-industry bosses are guarded,
在公共上，汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的老板們被控制，
but it is a fair bet that they have been lobbying their government contacts.
但這是一個(gè)公平的打賭，他們一直在游說政府間的接觸。
Machines are the second-biggest export sector, with almost 8 billion of sales to Russia in 2013.
機(jī)械業(yè)是的第二大出口行業(yè)，2013年對俄出口的銷售額可達(dá)到約8000000000。
That makes it Germany's biggest machine-export market after China, America and France.
這使得德國成為繼中、美、法之后最大的機(jī)械出口市場。
Many of the sellers are smallish,
其中有很多小型企業(yè)，
family-owned Mittelstand firms, which would be hit hard if sanctions led to a fall in trade.
因此，一旦制裁導(dǎo)致貿(mào)易額下跌，將對許多中小家族企業(yè)產(chǎn)生沉重的一擊。
Ulrich Ackermann of the German Engineering Federation notes that the country's exports of machinery to Russia,
德國工程聯(lián)合會的阿克曼教授指出，國家對俄羅斯出口機(jī)械，
unlike those of fancy cars, go back to Soviet days.
和蘇聯(lián)時(shí)代出口昂貴的小汽車不同，
Many Mittelstandcompanies are not big enough to ride out a prolonged conflict.
許多中小家族企業(yè)可能無法安然渡過漫長的沖突時(shí)期。
Like other industry representatives, Mr Ackermann is careful to avoid implying that industrialists should make foreign policy.
像其他行業(yè)的代表一樣，阿克曼小心翼翼地避免暗示企業(yè)家應(yīng)該制定外交政策。
But he goes on to say that we don't have any examples of sanctions achieving what politicians wanted.
但他接著說，我們沒有任何的制裁實(shí)現(xiàn)政治家想要什么。
Since Russia mainly exports energy and imports finished goods, energy-intensive German industrial exporters would be hit twice by any fall in trade.
俄羅斯主要出口能源，進(jìn)口產(chǎn)成品，因此，德國能源密集型出口產(chǎn)業(yè)將在貿(mào)易下滑中兩次被打擊。
Chemicals is the third-biggest export sector to Russia, worth 3.2 billion last year.
化工業(yè)是俄羅斯第三大出口產(chǎn)業(yè)，去年出口額達(dá)到3200000000。
BASF, a chemicals giant, uses Russian gas as both an energy source and a feedstock;
化工巨頭BASF，將俄羅斯天然氣作為能源和原料，
in turn it sold 1.4 billion of its 74 billion total sales in 2013 to customers based in Russia.
2013年，在俄羅斯客戶74000000000總銷售額的基礎(chǔ)上占1400000000。
To insulate itself from rising power prices, BASF generates a lot of its own electricity at its enormous complex in Ludwigshafen,
為了不受電力價(jià)格上漲的影響，BASF在德國西南部的路德維希港，
in south-western Germany. But it does so with gas turbines.
用燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)創(chuàng)造很多屬于自己的電力。
Companies with operations on the ground in Russia are especially nervous.
在俄羅斯的地面操作公司尤其緊張。
Metro, a hypermarket operator with a daughter, Media Markt, that sells electronics, had sales of 5.3 billion in Russia last year.
俄羅斯大型超市運(yùn)營商Metro和其旗下產(chǎn)業(yè)Media Markt，去年電子產(chǎn)品銷售額達(dá)5300000000，
It has been preparing to float a stake in its Russian cash-and-carry operation on the London stockmarket,
已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備將在俄羅斯限購自運(yùn)的股份在倫敦股市上市，
but its plan will probably now have to be postponed, if not cancelled.
但它的計(jì)劃現(xiàn)在即便不取消，可能也不得不被推遲。
Many German manufacturers, such as Siemens, which builds locomotives for the Russian state railway, have plants in Russia.
許多像西門子一樣為俄羅斯國有鐵路建造火車頭的德國制造商，在俄羅斯都有自己的工廠。
A law being considered in Russia's parliament to allow the expropriation of foreign firms' assets may be a bluff,
俄國國會正準(zhǔn)備出臺的法律中，考慮允許征收外企資產(chǎn)的說法或許是虛張聲勢，
but it is a scary one for those with big, immovable investments there.
但它對于那些在俄羅斯有不動(dòng)產(chǎn)投資的大型企業(yè)未必不是一個(gè)恐嚇。
Anton Brner of the Federation of German Wholesale, Foreign Trade and Services, another industry group,
另一個(gè)德國對外貿(mào)易服務(wù)批發(fā)聯(lián)盟中的企業(yè)集團(tuán)，Anton Brner表示，
says that whereas a shutdown in trade would be painful for Germany, it would be existentially threatening for Russia, which would feel the impact immediately.
鑒于貿(mào)易關(guān)閉將是德國的痛苦，同時(shí)也會成為俄羅斯的存在性威脅，使俄羅斯迅速感覺到?jīng)_擊。
German gas-reserve tanks are full with several months' supply.
雖然，幾個(gè)月的供應(yīng)下，德國天然氣儲備罐子被裝滿了。
Nevertheless, Mr Brner, like the leaders of other business federations, calls for an urgent de-escalation rather than sanctions, arguing that Putin is part of the solution.
然而，Brner先生，像其他商業(yè)聯(lián)盟的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人一樣，極力呼吁減輕戰(zhàn)爭強(qiáng)度而非對俄的制裁，并稱普京是解決方案的一部分。
His member companies call him daily with their worries. He tells them Be prepared.
每一天，公司的成員們都向他訴說著他們的擔(dān)憂。
This is going to get difficult.
他告訴他們，時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備著！
But not if he and other German business lobbyists get their way.
這也許會是一條很困難的路。
