評論
打印
Pro:We had been talking about the art world in the late 19 century in Paris.
教授:我們一直在談論世紀末期巴黎的藝術世界。
Today I'd like to look at the woman who went to Paris at that time to become artists.
而今天我想把視角轉到在那個時代前往巴黎并成為藝術家的女性們。
Now from your reading what do you know about Paris about the art world of Paris during the late nineteen century?
現在，從閱讀中你們了解到 19 世紀晚期巴黎的藝術世界是怎樣的呢？
Stu:People came from all over the world to study.
學生:來自世界各地的人們都來這里學習。
Stu:It had a lot of art schools and artists who taught painting.
學生:有很多藝術院校，而且有很多藝術家教授繪畫。
There were, our book mention is classes for women artists.
我們的書上還提到專門為女性藝術家們開設的課程。
And it was a good place to go to study art.
而且是學習藝術很好的去處。
Pro:If you want to become an artist, Paris was not a good place to go;
教授:如果想成為藝術家，巴黎不是一個好去處，
Paris is THE place to go.
而是唯一之處。
And women could find skills and instructors there.
而女性可以在那里學到技巧，并找到指導者。
Before the late 19 century.If they women who want to become an artist have to take private lessons or learn from family members.
19 世紀以前，女性想成為藝術家，就必須上私人課程，或者從家人那里學習。
They have more limited options than men did.
她們的選擇性不如男性那么高。
But around 1870s, some artists in Paris began to offer classes for female students.
但是在 19 世紀 70 年代左右，巴黎的一些藝術家開始為女性學生開設課程，
These classes are for women only.
而且僅針為女性開設。
And by the end of the 19 century, it became much more common for woman and man to study together in the same classes.
在 19 世紀晚期，就普及到了男性和女性在同一個班級一起學習了。
So within few decades, things had changed significantly.
因此短短幾十年內發生如此巨變。
Ok let back up again and talk about the time period from 1860 to the 1880s and talk more about what had happened in the woman art classes.
好的我們再回顧一下，談談從 1860 年到 19 世紀 80 年代這個階段女性藝術課程都發生了什么。
In 1868, a private art academy open in Paris, and for decades it was the probably the most famous private art school in the world.
在 1868 年，巴黎開設了私人藝術課程，這可能在當時幾十年內是世界上最著名的私人藝術學校。
It is founder Rudolph Julian was a canny business man.
創始人魯道夫·朱利安是一位聰明的商人。
And quickly establish his school as a premiere destination for women artists.
而且不久他的學校就成了女性藝術家的最優去處。
What he did was?
他怎么做的呢？
After an initial trail period of mixed class, He changed the schools' policy.
起初，他將男性和女性放在相同班級里學習，后來他改變了學校的政策。
He completely separated the man and woman students.
他徹底的將男女學生分割開來。
Stu:Any reason why he did that?
學生:他為什么這么做呢？
Pro:Well. Like I said Julian was a brilliant business man, with progressive ideas.
教授:正如我剛才所講，朱利安是一個才華橫溢的商人，有著先進的見解。
He thought another small private art school where all the students were women was very popular at that time.
他想到了當時另一所聲譽不錯的小型私立藝術學校，里面都是女性學生。
And that's probably why he adopted the women only classes.
這可能是他僅招收女性學生的原因。
His classes were typically offer by an established artist and were held in the studio, the place where they painted.
他的課程基本都是一位有建樹的藝術家在一個小工作間里授課的，這也是作畫之處。
This was a big deal because finally women could study art in a formal setting.
這已經是很值得一提的事情了，因為女性們終于可以在一個正式的場景里學習了。
And there was another benefit to the group setting in these classes.
這樣設置課程還有另一點益處。
The classes included weekly criticism.
課程包括每周評論。
And the teacher would rank the art of all the students in the class from best to worst.
而老師會將學生的作品從最優到最差進行排位。
How would you like if I did that in this class?
如果我在班上也這么做的話你們意下如何？
Stu:Hah…No way.
學生:哈哈。那可不行。
But our test book said the competitive…competition was good for women.
但是教科書說競爭對女性有好處。
It helps them see where they need to improve.
這幫助了她們知道自己的不足之處在哪里。
Pro:Isn't that interesting?
教授:有意思吧？
One woman artist, her name was Marie Bashkirtseff.
其中一位叫做瑪麗·巴什基爾塞夫的女性藝術家，
Bashkirtseff once wrote how she felt about classmate's work.
她曾寫過關于她同學們作品的想法。
She thought her classmates' art was much better than her own and it gave her an incentive to do better.
她認為同學的作品比自己的好很多，這也給了她努力的動力。
Overall the competition in the women's art classes gave women more confidence.
整體來講，藝術課上的競爭使女性們更加自信。
Confidence they could also compete in the art world after their schooling.
這種自信幫助她們在畢業以后仍然能在藝術界與其他人有力競爭。
And even though Bashkirtseff could not study in the same classes as man, she was having an impact as an artist.
盡管巴什基爾塞夫不能和男性在一個班級學習，但作為一名藝術家是很有影響的。
Just look like the salon, what do you know about the salon?
看看她的沙龍吧。你們了解沙龍嗎？
Stu:It was a big exhibition, a big art show and they had in Pairs every year.
學生:是一種大型的展覽，在巴黎每年都有這種大型的藝術展覽。
They art had to be accepted by judges.
作品需由審查通過才行。
Stu:It was a big deal you can make a name for yourself.
學生:這可是很了不得的。你可以借此一舉成名。
Pro:You can have a painting or sculpture in the salon and go back to your home country saying you were been success in the Paris.
教授:你可以在沙龍上展示一幅畫或者一個雕塑，那么當你回到自己祖國的時候，你就可以說你在巴黎很成功。
It was sort of, see of approval.
有點像是一種認可。
It was a great encouragement for an artist career.
對于藝術家們而言是一種極大的肯定。
By the last two decades of 19 century, one fifth of the paintings in the salon were by woman, much higher than in the past.
在 19 世紀后20 年，沙龍上五分之一的作品都來自女性，遠高于從前。
In fact, Marie Bashkirtseff self had a painting in the salon in the 1881.
事實上，瑪麗·巴什基爾塞夫在 1881年的沙龍上有一副作品。
Interestingly this masterpiece called in the Studio is a painting of interior of Julian's art school.
有趣的是，這幅名作在朱利安的藝術學校的工作室里被稱之為劣作。
It is not in your test book I will show you the painting next week, the painting depiction active crowd studio with woman drawing and painting life model.
你們的教科書上沒有，下周我會給你們看看這幅畫，這是一幅繪制了活躍的擠滿繪畫女性的工作室的畫作。
It was actually Bashkirtseff actually follow Julian savvy suggestion and painted her fellow students in a class at the school was the artist herself at far right.
巴什基爾塞夫其實就是采取了朱利安的建議，并繪制了她的同學們在學校的狀態，她自己則是在畫面的遠遠的右方。
A great advertisement for the school when the painting eventually hung up at the salon, for a woman studio had never been painted before.
在沙龍上這幅畫被懸掛起來的時刻，也為學校做了很大的宣傳，這種女性工作室的作品從沒有被別人繪制過。
