評(píng)論
打印
Stuttering Ear
用“耳朵”治口吃
Remember that kid in your grade school class who stuttered? Well, he was in good company–a whopping three million people in the United States alone are affected by this problem.
還記得小學(xué)時(shí)班上那個(gè)說(shuō)話結(jié)巴的孩子嗎？其實(shí)，他的同伴可不少--光是在美國(guó)，就有多達(dá)三百萬(wàn)的人有這個(gè)毛病。
It isn't life threatening, but it certainly can be life hampering, as anyone who has a stutter can tell you. There's something very interesting about stuttering, though, which you might not expect: it can be effected by what you hear. For a long time stutterers have understood that talking along in a group, such as when you recite the pledge of allegiance, can make the problem diminish.
當(dāng)然，結(jié)巴并不會(huì)危及生命，但是，相信任何一個(gè)結(jié)巴的人都會(huì)告訴你：它確實(shí)會(huì)給生活帶來(lái)不少麻煩。然而，關(guān)于結(jié)巴，還有個(gè)有趣的現(xiàn)象是出乎你意料的：結(jié)巴跟你的耳朵關(guān)系密切。實(shí)際上，結(jié)巴會(huì)受所聽(tīng)內(nèi)容的影響。一些結(jié)巴患者經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期實(shí)踐發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果連續(xù)地說(shuō)上一段話結(jié)巴現(xiàn)象就會(huì)緩和不少，比如說(shuō)在不停地背誦效忠誓言。
With the age of electronics, it was found that hearing your own voice played back to you almost as soon as you speak helps a stutter as well. That's called the “Delayed AuditoryFeedback” effect. Altering the pitch of the playback gives an extra boost to the effect as well; that's called “Frequency Altered Feedback.”
人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果在說(shuō)話時(shí)能夠幾乎同步地聽(tīng)到自己所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容會(huì)有助于減緩口吃。這就是所謂的“延時(shí)聽(tīng)覺(jué)反饋”效應(yīng)。并且，改變所聽(tīng)內(nèi)容的音調(diào)會(huì)加強(qiáng)這一效應(yīng)，這就是“移頻聽(tīng)覺(jué)反饋”。
Now, researchers at East Carolina University in Greenville, North Carolina have created a small device that combines both these effects in a portable earpiece. The device fits inside your ear, picks up the sound of you speaking, alters the pitch a little, and plays it back to you. The first tests look promising: many of the volunteers who had a stutter found that their problem was helped by wearing such an electronic earpiece.
目前，位于美國(guó)北卡羅來(lái)納州格林維爾市東卡羅萊納大學(xué)的研究者們已經(jīng)研發(fā)出一種便攜式耳機(jī)，這種耳機(jī)將上文所說(shuō)的兩種效應(yīng)結(jié)合在了一起。你只需將耳機(jī)放入耳朵，它便會(huì)收集你的話語(yǔ)并適當(dāng)?shù)馗淖円粽{(diào)，最后在回放給你聽(tīng)。第一批測(cè)試看起來(lái)效果不錯(cuò)：很多參與實(shí)驗(yàn)的口吃志愿者都發(fā)現(xiàn)，佩戴上這種電子耳機(jī)后，口吃情況有所好轉(zhuǎn)。
Scientists who study stuttering sound a more cautious note: such effects, while real, have shown a tendency to be short-term. Still, even if it isn't a “fix,” tiny microelectronic devices like this may indeed be a help–and we may be seeing more and more of them in the future.
然而，研究口吃的科學(xué)家們給出了一個(gè)更為謹(jǐn)慎的結(jié)論：這些效果固然真實(shí)，但持續(xù)時(shí)間不夠長(zhǎng)久。但是，即便這一效果不長(zhǎng)，像這樣的微電子設(shè)備確實(shí)對(duì)口吃有所幫助--相信在以后會(huì)有越來(lái)越多這樣的產(chǎn)品出現(xiàn)。
