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經濟學人:埃克-巴蒂斯塔 巴蒂斯塔的出擊

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Business.

商業。
Eike Batista.
埃克-巴蒂斯塔。
Batista battered.
巴蒂斯塔的出擊。
The dwindling fortune of a Brazilian magnate.
一位巴西商業巨頭的財產縮水。
INVESTORS have lost their appetite for Brazil in recent months, as costs have risen and growth has stalled. Suddenly, profiting from the country's bountiful natural wealth and burgeoning middle class looks harder. For Brazil's best-known businessman, the shift in sentiment has been abrupt. In March Eike Batista (pictured) was seventh in Forbes's ranking of the world's super-rich, with a personal fortune of $30 billion. The firms he founded and listed, most in commodities and infrastructure, were valued at $44 billion.
由于成本的增加以及增長的停滯,數月來,投資者已經失去在巴西投資的興趣。突然間,從這個國家豐富的自然資源和激增的中產階級兩個方面獲利看起來更加困難。對巴西最富盛名的商人來說,態度的轉變顯得很突然。在三月發布的福布斯全球富豪榜上,埃克-巴蒂斯塔列第七位,他擁有300億美元的個人財產。他創立和名下的公司市值440億美元,多數在商品和基礎設施等行業。
The most recent rich list reckons that Mr Batista is now down to his last $14.5 billion-46th globally. His listed firms are worth a mere $18 billion. Mr Batista listed some of his companies when they were not much more than an idea. With buckets of bravado, he persuaded investors that his firms had boundless potential, and that he was the man to unlock it.
最近一期富豪榜預測,巴蒂斯塔的資產目前降低到僅剩145億美元——列全球第46位。他名下的公司僅價值180億美元。在他的一些公司僅僅是一個規劃時,巴蒂斯塔就使其上市。通過大肆虛張聲勢,他說服投資者相信他的公司擁有無盡的潛力,而他正是這種釋放潛力的人。
Then came the crunch. In June OGX, his oil firm, slashed output targets for two offshore wells from 20,000 barrels a day each to about 5,000. That knocked 7 billion reais ($3.4 billion) off its shares in a day, and spread panic across the group.
隨后發生了危機。六月,他的石油公司OGX減少了兩座海上油井的產量目標,每個油井從每天的2萬桶減少到5千桶。這使得OGX公司的股票在一天內縮水70億雷亞爾(34億美元),并使恐慌擴展到整個集團。
OGX's wells made up a large part of the revenues of EBX, the holding company for Mr Batista's stakes in his listed firms. The main asset of LLX, another part of EBX, is the port of A?u. This is nicely placed for shipping iron ore from the inland state of Minas Gerais to China and for handling rigs and ships working Brazil's vast oilfields-but it is still being built. MMX digs plenty of iron ore out of the ground-but not at a profit.
控股公司EBX集團被巴蒂斯塔用來控制管理名下的公司,而OGX的油井正是EBX集團收入的很大一部分來源。LLX公司是EBX集團的另一部分,它的主要財產是阿蘇港。阿蘇港的地理位置非常好,它適合于將內陸省份Minas Gerais州的鐵礦石裝運到中國,同樣,適合于處理巴西眾多油氣田上工作的鉆井平臺和船舶——但阿蘇港仍然在建設中。MMX公司從地下開采出大量的鐵礦石——但并沒有盈利。
The links between EBX's various parts compounded Mr Batista's woes. He planned to make money from Brazil's mineral wealth at every stage in the supply chain. One of his ventures generated electricity from coal and gas supplied by another; a third shipped the oil and iron ore owned by a fourth and fifth, and so on. But OGX underpinned the lot.
EBX集團中不同部分的聯系構成的巴蒂斯塔的困境。他計劃從巴西礦產資源供應鏈的每個環節中獲利。他的一家公司通過煤和燃氣來發電,而煤和燃氣是有另一家公司提供。第三家公司運送石油和鐵礦石,這些石油和鐵礦石由第四和第五家公司擁有,等等。但OGX公司鞏固了自己的份額。
One part of Mr Batista's empire, OSX, has ridden out the bearish mood. It looks likely to do lots of business with Petrobras, Brazil's state-controlled oil giant, building and maintaining ships and rigs. Petrobras has been out of favour with investors since 2010, when the government diluted minority shareholders in an oil-for-shares deal. But Gra?a Foster, its boss, seems willing to stand up to the government, arguing publicly for a rise in the (government-controlled) price of petrol. And the government is no longer so hostile to private firms building infrastructure (see article). So those keen to buy into commodities and infrastructure may soon have more options-which will hardly help the EBX companies' share prices recover.
作為巴蒂斯塔商業帝國的一部分,OSX公司承受住了蕭條環境的考驗。它很有可能與Petrobras公司進行大量的交易,集中在建設和維護船舶和鉆井平臺等方面。Petrobras公司是巴西國有控股的石油巨頭,自2010年以來,它就不再受投資者青瞇,那時,政府通過石油換股權交易減少了少數股東。但公司的老板Gra?a Foster似乎愿意勇敢的面對政府,他公開要求提高(政府控制的)石油價格。而且針對私有的基礎設施建設公司,政府不再懷有那么大的敵意。因此,渴望進入商品和基礎設施行業的私有公司可能很快會有更多的選擇——這將不可避免的促進EBX所屬公司的股票的復蘇。
Mr Batista claims not to be worried. "Since I haven't sold a single share, I've lost nothing," he tweeted. Investors are probably less sanguine, though many old Brazil hands, used to rocky rides, are waiting out the worst. The Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan, a Canadian pension fund that is LLX's largest investor after Mr Batista himself, seems serene. It wants to join Mr Batista in his plans to take the firm private again.
巴蒂斯塔宣稱不需要擔憂。他在推特上說道:"因為我沒有賣出任何股票,我沒有損失任何東西。"投資者可能不會這樣樂觀,盡管很多有在巴西投資經營的人正等待著走出困境。安大略教師養老基金表現得很平靜,它是一家加拿大養老基金,并是LLX公司除巴蒂斯塔以外的最大股東。它愿意加入巴蒂斯塔的計劃,促進Petrobras公司再次私有化。
Presumably Mr Batista thinks that LLX is now undervalued-and that a show of self-confidence would not be misplaced. "If the markets don't want me, I still want me," he recently told Exame, a Brazilian business magazine. Like other great salesmen, Mr Batista sold not the sausage, but the sizzle. Now investors are balking at the idea of a long wait before mouth-watering returns materialise.
我們可以推斷,巴蒂斯塔認為LLX公司的市值目前是被低估的,而且自信心的展示沒有不合時宜。他最近對一家巴西商業雜志Exame說:"如果市場不需要我,那么我仍然需要我自己。像其他偉大的推銷員一樣,巴蒂斯塔銷售的不是香腸,而是激情。在誘人的前景轉化為現實之前,投資者正在回避漫長的等待。

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magnate ['mægneit]

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n. 巨頭

 
sentiment ['sentimənt]

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n. 感情,情趣,意見,觀點,多愁善感

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foster ['fɔstə]

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vt. 養育,培養,促進,鼓勵,抱有(希望等)

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willing ['wiliŋ]

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adj. 愿意的,心甘情愿的

 
supply [sə'plai]

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n. 補給,供給,供應,貯備
vt. 補給,供

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keen [ki:n]

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adj. 鋒利的,敏銳的,強烈的,精明的,熱衷的 <

 
ore [ɔ:]

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n. 礦,礦石

 
sanguine ['sæŋgwin]

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adj. 樂天的,自信的,紅潤的 n. 血紅色

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serene [si'ri:n]

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adj. 安詳的,寧靜的,平靜的

 
potential [pə'tenʃəl]

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adj. 可能的,潛在的
n. 潛力,潛能

 
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