Lesson 1 Jumbo versus the police
小象對警察

一、詞匯部分

1.versus/ˈvɝː.səs/ prep. 對
2.Christmas /ˈkrɪs.məs/ n. 圣誕節
3.Circus/ˈsɝː.kəs/ n. 馬戲團
擴展：circus 中詞根circ-圓圈；（circulation 流通／circulate v.流通）

4.Present/ˈprez.ənt/ n. 禮物

5.Accompany/əˈkʌm.pə.ni/ v. 陪伴
6.approach/əˈproʊtʃ/ v. 走近

7.ought/ɔt/ modal verb. 應該
搭配：ought to +動詞原形

8.weigh/weɪ/ v.重
擴展：weight

9.fortunate/ˈfɔːr.tʃən.ət/ adj. 幸運的
擴展：fortune 500 世界500強


文章講解

Last Christmas, the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, decided to take some presents to a children's hospital. Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a 'guard of honour' of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo. He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic. Though Jimmy agreed to go at once, Jumbo refused to move. Fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street. The police had a difficult time, but they were most amused. 'Jumbo must weigh a few tons,' said a policeman afterwards, 'so it was fortunate that we didn't have to carry him. Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.'

文章精講：

1.Last Christmas, the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, decided to take some presents to a children's hospital.

1）知識點1:
表達：last +時間，一般過去時
例：Last night, we had a lot of fun.
例：You said you would help us last time.

語法：同位語
the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, decided to take some presents to a children's hospital

搭配：decide to do something 決定做某事
例：I decide to quit my job and start my own business. You know, but everyone one around me is trying to talk me out of it.

擴展：make up one’s mind 下定決心

搭配：take + someone/something to +地點
例句：I’ll take you the elevator.
例句：I’ll take you to his office.

2）知識點2:
語法：形容詞短語作狀語
轉化：3不轉化

a.添加主語和be 動詞
b.確定時態
c.轉化為兩個句子

例句：Tired and exhausted, Peter fell asleep quickly.
轉化：Peter was tired and exhausted. Peter fell asleep quickly

例句：Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a 'guard of honour' of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo.

語法：過去分詞做狀語
結構：Done sth, 句子 or句子，donesth.
轉化：3不轉化

a.添加主語和be 動詞
b.確定時態
c.轉化為兩個句子

例句：Beaten by his father, Peter cried.
轉化：Peter was beaten by his father. Peter cried.

例句：Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a 'guard of honour' of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo.

語法：現在分詞做狀語
結構：Doing sth,句子 or句子，doingsth.
轉化：3不轉化

a.添加主語和be 動詞
b.確定時態
c.轉化為兩個句子

Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a 'guard of honour' of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the cityriding a baby elephant called Jumbo.

2.He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic.

1）知識點1:
表達：should have done 本來應該做某事，但沒有做事
例句：He should have stood up for me.
例句：I should have left. I’m so sorry for all these troubles.


表達：allow doing sth/ be allowed to do something
例句：You’re not allowed to leave.
例句：I’m not allowed to play video games before I finish my homework.

2）知識點2:
表達：as 詞性分析（介詞、副詞、聯詞）
搭配：hold up the traffic阻塞交通

3.Though Jimmy agreed to go at once, Jumbo refused to move. Fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street. The police had a difficult time, but they were most amused.


知識點1:

Though 引導讓步狀語從句，不能和but 連用
例句：Though Laura and I broke up, I still see her as a friend.
例句：Though it’s night, Peter’s still working.

Have a difficult/hard time doing something 做某事很困難
例句：Peter has a difficult time sleeping recently.
例句：I have a difficult time dealing with people.


4.'Jumbo must weigh a few tons,' said a policeman afterwards, 'so it was fortunate that we didn't have to carry him. Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.'

知識點1:
must + 動詞原形——對現在推測
must have done ----對過去肯定推測
例句：Where’s Peter? I didn’t see him anywhere. He must have left.
例句：You must be Peter.

知識點2:
主語從句：it形式主語，指代后面that從句
例句：so it was fortunate that we didn't have to carry him.

語法考點：非謂語動詞
考點1：
(1) 考察哪些動詞接不定式；
(2) 考察哪些短語接不帶to的不定式；
1) can’t help/choose but do 不得不,只能,不禁
2) why not do sth

1.__Why not call on_____him tomorrow?2001
A. Why not to call on B. Why don’t call on
C. Why not calling on D. Why not call on

3) would do rather than do
1.She said she would work it out herself, _rather than_____ ask me for help.1993
A.and not to B.but not C.and prefer not D.rather than

(3)考察短語"be believed/said to do sth"的用法；

1.AIDS is said _to have been_____the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in the region.2002
A. being B. to be C. to have been D. having been
2.Professor Johnson is said _to have made___some significant advance in his research in the past year. 1999
A. having made B. making C. to have made D. to make

(4)考察動詞不定時的時態和語態：進行式to be doing, 完成式to have done;一般式被動語態to be done; 完成式被動語態to have been done。另外，不定式短語有將來時的意思；

考點2：動名詞

（1）常接動名詞做賓語的詞：mind(介意), miss(逃過), mention(提及), prevent, postpone, practice, risk(冒險), resist(抵制), consider(考慮), admit(承認), avoid(避免), appreciate(感激), fancy(幻想), finish(完成)，feel like(喜歡), escape(逃脫), ensure(確保) , delay(延遲), deny(否認), resent, imagine(想象), suggest(建議)

1.In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid__being beaten____. 1996
A. from being beaten B. being beaten C. beating D. to be beaten
2.He resented _being asked _____to wait. He expected the minister _to see_____ him at once.1995
A. to be asked, to see B. being asked, to see
C. to be asked, seeing D. being asked, seeing

（2）介詞后的ing：prevent/stop/keep sb /sth from doing 阻止…做…；spend/waste time /money in doing 在做…方面花錢、浪費時間或金錢；how /what about doing sth 做…怎么樣了？；Have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在…方面有些困難；There is no sense in doing (做…是沒有理由的)；Thank / admire /praise/blame /scold/ punish sb for doing sth因做某事而感謝、羨慕、表揚、責備、懲罰某人

1.What a nice day! How about the three of us _taking____ a walk in the park nearby?2009
A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking
2.Though her father never approved of _her going_____ to drama school, she became a well-known actress.1991
A. going B. her to go C. her going D. her go

（3）接動名詞做介詞to 的賓語：apply oneself to致力于；be accustomed to習慣于；confess to供認；come to談到；devote oneself to獻身于；get down to著手做；give way to 對…讓步；lead to導致；look forward to期待；next to幾乎；object to反對；pay attention to注意；stick to堅持；stand up to勇敢面對；turn to求助于；be used to習慣于

1.What’s the chance of __there being______ a general election this year?2005
A. there being B. there to be C. there be D. there going to be
2.The meeting was put off because we _objected to having_________ a meeting without John.2005
A. objected having B. were objected to having C. objected to have D. objected to having

考點3：分詞
（1）從語態上看，現在分詞一般都表示主動，而過去分詞一般表示被動；
（2）從時態上看，現在分詞表示進行，過去分詞表示過去。如果分詞動作發生在句子謂語動詞動作之前，分詞用完成時。
（3）現在分詞的否定形式是not放在分詞之前。

1._Not being tall____ should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.2010/2001
A. To be not tall B. Not being tall C. Being not tall D. Not to be tall

2."The man preparing the documents is the firm's lawyer" has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT . 2009
A. the man who has prepared the documents... B. the man who has been preparing the documents...
C. the man who is preparing the documents... D. the man who will prepare the documents...記住動名詞不表示將來時態，所以will 等詞一道的是不正確的
3._Looked_____ at in this way, the situation does not seem so desperate.2007/2000
A. Looking B. looked C. Being looked D. to look
4.If not _treated___ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.2004
A. being treated B. treatedC. be treated D. having been treated
5._Not having obtained a ticket for the match_____, he can now only watch it on TV at home. 1998
A. Obtaining not a ticket for the match B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match
C. Not having obtained a ticket for the match D. Not obtained a ticket for the match
6.This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals _hunted___ in Africa. 1996
A. hunted B. hunting C. that hunted D. are hunted
7.He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, _being considered_____insufficiently poplar with all members.1996
A. having considered B. was considered
C. was being considered D. being considered
8.He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder_being thrown_____ out and three men climbing down it. 1995
A. throwing B. being thrown
C. having thrown D. having been thrown

9._Not having received____ regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first.1994
A. Not received B. Since receiving
C. Having received D. Not having received
10.Born and raised in a fishing village____, he was chosen and trained as a professional swimmer. (1991)
A. He was born and raised in a fishing village
B. Born and raised in a fishing village
C. That he was born and raised in a fishing village
D. In addition to he was born and raised in a fishing village

13._Having packed _____ their luggage , the group of tourists hurried to the airport.1991
A. Packed B. After packed C. Finished packing D. Having packed

14.The mother was afraid to let the boy_risk climbing__ the tree.1990
A. to risk climbing B. risk climbing C. to risk to climb D. risk to climb

15.Mr. Brown had the report typed as soon as he finished_writing__ it.1990
A. to be typed, to write B. typed, to write
C. being typed, writing D. typed, writing
*動詞不定時與現在分詞的否定形式是not放在to和分詞之前。