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美國(guó)文化脫口秀(文本+MP3) 第358期:最容易被理解錯(cuò)的單詞

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It's your call說(shuō)的不是打電話(huà),而是做決定。Company的意思除了公司,還有陪伴?今天的節(jié)目,我們說(shuō)說(shuō)日常最容易被理解錯(cuò)誤的英語(yǔ)多義詞。


關(guān)鍵詞:

相同的詞在不同句子里,意思完全不一樣?"多義詞"顧名思義是一個(gè)詞有多個(gè)意思,但在老外看來(lái),每個(gè)不同的意思都是不同的詞。這也算是文化差異吧。
Every language has words with many meanings: 各種語(yǔ)言都有多義詞
Today, we're going to talk about English words with multiple meanings that seem entirely unrelated to each other: 今天我們要說(shuō)的這些英語(yǔ)多義詞,它們的多個(gè)意思相差特別遠(yuǎn)
These words have a primary meaning that is well known to all and at least one common but lesser known meaning: 這些詞最主要的意思大家都知道,但它們另外還至少有一個(gè)常用的意思你可能不知道
Words with multiple meanings: 多義詞 (比較常見(jiàn)的"多義詞"在英語(yǔ)中的表達(dá))
Many native speakers think of it as two different words: 很多英語(yǔ)是母語(yǔ)的人會(huì)把多義詞看成幾個(gè)不同的詞
But for many English learners, they are the same word because the spelling and the pronunciation are the same: 但對(duì)很多學(xué)英語(yǔ)的人來(lái)說(shuō),它們拼法一樣,念法也一樣,明明就是一個(gè)詞啊

"Title"
剛打完的NBA總決賽、激戰(zhàn)正酣的歐洲杯,都會(huì)用到"title"這個(gè)詞。我們先來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)title吧,最常見(jiàn)的有以下三種意思:
Title:
1. name of a book, article and so forth: 書(shū)名、文章標(biāo)題等
2. description of a position, rank, status: 職稱(chēng)、頭銜
3. championship: 冠軍
Job title: 工作職位、頭銜
Title of a book or article: 書(shū)名或文章的題目
In the context of sports, title means championship: 在體育相關(guān)的文本中,title指的是總冠軍
You can think of championship as something like a job title: 你也可以把總冠軍看作一個(gè)像工作職位一樣的頭銜
A person can be the president of a company while a team can be the champion of a competition: 一個(gè)人可以是公司的老總;一個(gè)球隊(duì)可以是比賽的冠軍(兩者都是頭銜)
This year, Spain is defending their Euro Cup title: 今年西班牙是歐洲杯的衛(wèi)冕球隊(duì)

"Conference"
Conference:
1. meeting: 會(huì)議、大會(huì)
2. an association of sports teams that play each other: 體育聯(lián)合會(huì)、賽區(qū),只有NBA和NHL(全美冰球聯(lián)賽)等一些賽事才分conference
You can also see a conference as a meeting of teams : 你可以把體育賽事中的conference看作是一場(chǎng)球隊(duì)的集會(huì)
Eastern and Western Conference: 東部賽區(qū)、西部賽區(qū)
說(shuō)完體育,說(shuō)說(shuō)口語(yǔ)中最容易造成誤解的多義詞!

最容易被理解錯(cuò)的單詞

"Fine"
Fine有兩個(gè)截然不同的意思:
1. good, great: 好、棒
2. money one has to pay as punishment: 罰款、罰金 (亦可作動(dòng)詞,表示對(duì)...處以罰款)
I always like talking about the word "fine", because so many of my Chinese friends say this word every day: 我覺(jué)得fine這個(gè)詞很有意思,我的很多中國(guó)朋友常把它掛嘴邊
It's one of the very first English words that people learn: Fine算是大家學(xué)英語(yǔ)最早接觸的詞之一了
One meaning of "fine" is "good": "Fine"的一個(gè)意思就是"好、不錯(cuò)"
Right now, in Shanghai, there're so many police on the street, stopping people on their motorcycles and scooters and giving them a fine: 現(xiàn)在上海路上警察不少,專(zhuān)攔那些違反交規(guī)的騎摩托車(chē)、騎電動(dòng)車(chē)的人,然后開(kāi)罰款
I got fined today: 我今天被罰款了
Singaporeans often say that Singapore is a very "fine" country: 新加坡人喜歡說(shuō)自己的國(guó)家是一個(gè)很"fine"的國(guó)家,一語(yǔ)雙關(guān),一來(lái)說(shuō)國(guó)家好,二來(lái)表示這個(gè)國(guó)家各種罰款很多
Spitting on the street could result in a 2000-Singapore-dollar fine: 隨地吐痰可能就要罰2000新幣

"Mean"
Mean的不同含義:
intent to convey or refer to: 表示…意思 (動(dòng)詞)
unkind: 不友好的、刻薄的、兇兇的 (形容詞)
excellent: 出色的,口語(yǔ)中使用,形容技術(shù)、技巧高超, (形容詞)
The word "mean" really confused the hell out of me: Mean這個(gè)詞以前我真是怎么都搞不清
What does this word mean?: 這個(gè)詞什么意思?
Mean Girls: 一部美國(guó)電影,講的是一群很刻薄的高中女欺負(fù)其他同學(xué)
My mom makes a mean Lasagna: 我媽做的千層面特別好吃
He plays a mean guitar: 他吉他彈得特別棒
When talking about a person's skills, "mean" is a compliment that suggests he or she is high-skilled: 如果mean形容的是一個(gè)人的技巧、技能,那這個(gè)時(shí)候mean其實(shí)是說(shuō)這個(gè)人做得特別好、特別棒
Maybe it's a slang. Maybe it's not. But people say it: 不管算不算是俚語(yǔ),這個(gè)用法現(xiàn)在依然流行
Jenny records a mean podcast: Jenny的播客做的特別好
When referring to skills, "mean" is good; when referring to personalities, "mean" is bad: 講一個(gè)人的技術(shù)、技能,用mean是褒義的;提到一個(gè)人本身或其性格,mean就是個(gè)貶義詞了

"Neat"
Neat的意思:
1. clean and tidy: 干凈整潔
2. very good, cool: 極好的
For a lot of you who have learned the word "neat", you might know it means "clean and tidy": 學(xué)過(guò)neat這個(gè)詞的人都應(yīng)該知道neat有干凈整潔的意思
It's a really nice, simple word to use in everyday spoken English to mean "cool": 在日常英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中,用neat代替cool特別好用
That's neat: 好的,不錯(cuò),真棒
You can also replace "good" with "neat": 想說(shuō)good的時(shí)候也可以用neat來(lái)代替

"Correct"
Correct的主要意思:
1. (adj.) right: 正確的
2. (verb) put right; make right: 修正、糾正
I think about this word every time I use the bank machine: 我每次用ATM機(jī)的時(shí)候都會(huì)想到這個(gè)詞
Especially when I need to pay the rent, I need to put in so many numbers: 付房租的時(shí)候我要往ATM機(jī)里輸好長(zhǎng)一串?dāng)?shù)字
landlord's bank account/bank card number: 房東的銀行賬號(hào)/銀行卡號(hào)
Sometimes I make a mistake: 有時(shí)候不小心輸錯(cuò)了
I look at the button on the side and it says "correct": 我看到旁邊的一個(gè)按鈕寫(xiě)著"correct"
But this word can have two different meanings: 但這個(gè)詞有兩個(gè)意思
That's correct: 沒(méi)錯(cuò) (表示信息正確)
If you made a mistake, then you need to correct it: 如果出錯(cuò)了就要將其改正
Have you figured it out?: 你最后搞清楚了嗎?
I just use the Chinese. It's much easier: 我就直接看中文,反而比看英語(yǔ)輕松

"Note"
note作為名詞的主要兩個(gè)意思:
1. a piece of paper with information written on it: 紙條
2. banknote, paper money: 紙幣
to write someone a note: 給某人寫(xiě)紙條、留便條
Some students take notes in class while some pass notes to each other: 上課的時(shí)候,有些同學(xué)記筆記,有些同學(xué)互相傳小紙條
banknote: 紙幣
coins and notes: 硬幣和紙幣
In monetary terms, notes refer to paper money: 講貨幣的時(shí)候,notes指的就是紙幣
This machine can only provide five-dollar notes: 本機(jī)只提供面值5美元的紙幣
*說(shuō)到紙幣,note在英式英語(yǔ)里更常用;而美國(guó)人更習(xí)慣用bill這個(gè)詞。也是多義詞,除了賬單,還有一個(gè)意思是紙幣。如: five-dollar bills五元紙幣"

"Company"
Company的主要兩種意思:
1. a firm or business: 公司
2. the state of being with someone: 他人的陪伴
I'm very lonely. I could use some company: 我好孤單,要有人陪陪我就好了
Adam, you are great company: Adam, 有你陪伴真好
to keep somebody company: 陪某人
You're the company you keep: 近朱者赤,近墨者黑

Party
Party的意思:
1. a social event: 派對(duì)
2. a group of people: 一群人,一個(gè)團(tuán)體
As you go into restaurant, the waiter/waitress might ask you "How many people in your party?": 進(jìn)餐廳的時(shí)候服務(wù)員會(huì)問(wèn)你"請(qǐng)問(wèn)幾位?"
The bride, bridegroom, groomsmen and bridesmaids are collectively known as the wedding party: 新郎新娘伴郎伴娘一行人統(tǒng)稱(chēng)wedding party
The party after the wedding is actually called the wedding reception: 婚禮后的宴會(huì)不叫wedding party,叫做wedding reception

"Call"
Call的兩個(gè)意思:
1. a telephone call or to make a telephone call: 電話(huà)、打電話(huà)
2. decision: 決定
You make the call/Your call: 你拿主意,由你決定
That's a good call/Good call: 好主意!
to make bad calls or wrong calls: 吹黑哨
Where are we going to dinner tonight?: 今晚去哪吃?
It's your call: 你來(lái)決定
We don't really say "Bad call" to our friends: 朋友之間不太會(huì)把call作貶義用
That was a terrible call: 這個(gè)球吹得太爛了 (在看足球、籃球賽的時(shí)候經(jīng)常說(shuō))

重點(diǎn)單詞   查看全部解釋    
status ['steitəs]

想一想再看

n. 地位,身份,情形,狀況

聯(lián)想記憶
tidy ['taidi]

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adj. 整齊的,整潔的,相當(dāng)大的
vt. 使

 
pronunciation [prə.nʌnsi'eiʃən]

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n. 發(fā)音

聯(lián)想記憶
description [di'skripʃən]

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n. 描寫(xiě),描述,說(shuō)明書(shū),作圖,類(lèi)型

聯(lián)想記憶
rank [ræŋk]

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n. 等級(jí),階層,排,列
v. 分等級(jí),排列,

 
competition [kɔmpi'tiʃən]

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n. 比賽,競(jìng)爭(zhēng),競(jìng)賽

 
champion ['tʃæmpjən]

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n. 冠軍,優(yōu)勝者,擁護(hù)者,勇士
vt. 保衛(wèi)

 
decision [di'siʒən]

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n. 決定,決策

 
compliment ['kɔmplimənt]

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n. 稱(chēng)贊,恭維,(復(fù)數(shù))致意
vt. 稱(chēng)贊,

聯(lián)想記憶
confused [kən'fju:zd]

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adj. 困惑的;混亂的;糊涂的 v. 困惑(confu

 
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