
大地震總要造成人員傷亡。如何表述地震中的人員傷亡呢? 象本則新聞標題那樣用toll 這個詞,是一種常見的說法。此外,還有許多其他方式,比如claim, 例如:
The quake has claimed more than 15,000 lives.
當然也可以這樣平實地說:
At least 64 people were killed and more than 2,000 were injured in the quake.
也可以以數字作主語:
The largest number of deaths appeared to be in a neighborhood called Las Colinas in Santa Tecla.
發生地震后,就要立即展開營救行動(rescue effort) 以及救濟工作(relief). 在營救現場,會有crane(吊車), bulldozer(推土機),truck(卡車 )等大型機械在工作,但由于還有生死不明的人被埋在廢墟下面,為避免傷及可能的幸存者,人們往往只能用鐵鍬(spade),撬棒(crowbar),甚至徒手(bare hands)來搜救幸存者,如果條件好會有救援犬(rescue dog)的協助。 請看例句:
Relief crews were clawing through debris to rescue potential survivors with their bare hands and small tools.
震后幸存下來的人是幸運的,可是他們還要面臨如何解決食物(food)、清潔飲水(purefied water)、御寒衣物(clothings and blankets)和臨時住所(temporary shelters),藥品(medicine)等棘手問題,這些也是救災工作的重點。請看下面句子:
International organizations have also rushed relief supplies and medical personnel to Gujarat.
國際組織已將救援物資和醫務人員火速運往古吉拉特邦。
Aid continues to pour into the devastated country.
救災物資繼續源源不斷涌入受災國。
與此同時,醫護人員(medical staff) 還要在災區建立臨時醫院(converted hospital)或臨時門診部(improvised out-patient department) 來救護傷員。當然還要有警察來維持秩序(law and order)以及專家來調查評估(survey, assess)地震造成的損失(damage,loss).
最終,經過幾天的營救工作后,工作的重點要由救援(rescue)過渡(shift to)到恢復和重建(rehabilitation and reconstruction)上來。例如:
Since May, UNICEF(United Nations Children's Emergency Fund ) has shifted its focus from relief to rehabilitation in earthquake-affected areas.
自五月以來,聯合國兒童基金會已將在地震災區的工作重點由救援轉向恢復重建上來.