席卷全球的金融危機(jī)使世界各國(guó)都蒙受了巨大損失,很多國(guó)家已陷入經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家預(yù)計(jì),全球經(jīng)濟(jì)更可能已陷入U(xiǎn)型衰退而非V或W型衰退,因此不太可能出現(xiàn)大規(guī)模的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條。
請(qǐng)看報(bào)道:
"The entire global economy will contract in a severe and protracted U-shaped global recession that started a year ago," Roubini said. "A hard landing for emerging-market economies may also be at hand."
魯比尼說(shuō):“全球經(jīng)濟(jì)將陷入一場(chǎng)較為嚴(yán)重且長(zhǎng)期持續(xù)的U型經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,而這種衰退早在一年前就開(kāi)始了。新興市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的硬著陸也即將到來(lái)。”
上面的報(bào)道中,U-shaped recession 就是“U型衰退”。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域常用 U 型、V 型、W 型、L 型來(lái)描述經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的形勢(shì)。其中,U 型衰退比 V 型衰退處于底部的時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),但不會(huì)出現(xiàn) W 型衰退的反復(fù)。最可怕的是 L 型衰退,也就是說(shuō)原有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)模式無(wú)法延續(xù),而內(nèi)需無(wú)法得到激發(fā),導(dǎo)致國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)能找不到出路,從而陷入長(zhǎng)期低迷。目前經(jīng)濟(jì)界普遍考(試大認(rèn)為此次經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退趨向于U型衰退。
這里還提到了另一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的表達(dá) hard landing,“硬著陸”(采用強(qiáng)力的財(cái)政貨幣政策一次性在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)通過(guò)犧牲較多的國(guó)民收入將通脹率降到正常水平),與其相對(duì)的當(dāng)然就是 soft landing“軟著陸”(國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)行經(jīng)過(guò)一段過(guò)度擴(kuò)張之后,平穩(wěn)地回落到適度增長(zhǎng)區(qū)間)。
U-shaped 也就是我們常說(shuō)的“U 形”或者“馬蹄形”,shape 在這里表示“形狀、形式”,它還可以表示“輪廓、影響”等意思,來(lái)看看下面這段話了解一下它的用法吧。
Jim is still in bad shape(健康狀況不佳),這也影響考(試大到了他的工作。今天的例會(huì)上,He has some difficulty in giving shape to his ideas(他很難清晰地表達(dá)他的意見(jiàn))。We have no proposals from him in any shape or form(我們沒(méi)有得到他任何形式的建議)。會(huì)后老板生氣地對(duì)他說(shuō),You'd better shape up if you want to stay on(如果你還想留下來(lái)的話最好表現(xiàn)好一點(diǎn)兒),因?yàn)榇蠹叶荚诘戎捻?xiàng)目 be settled into shape(走上正軌、有眉目)才能繼續(xù)下去。
n. 合同,契約,婚約,合約
v. 訂合同,縮