Section 1: English-Chinese Translation（英譯漢）（60 point）

This section consists of two parts: Part A “Compulsory Translation” and Part B “Optional Translations” which comprises “Topic 1” and “Topic 2”. Translate the passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into Chinese. Write “Compulsory Translation” above your translation of Part A and write “Topic 1” or “Topic 2” above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 100 minutes.

Part A Compulsory Translation （必譯題）（30 points）

It was one of those days that the peasant fishermen on this tributary of the Amazon River dream about.

With water levels falling rapidly at the peak of the dry season, a giant school of bass, a tasty fish that fetches a good price at markets, was swimming right into the nets being cast from a dozen small canoes here.

“With a bit of luck, you can make $350 on a day like this,” Lauro Souza Almeida, a leader of the local fishermen’s cooperative, exulted as he moved into position. “That is a fortune for people like us,” he said, the equivalent of four months at the minimum wage earned by those fortunate enough to find work.

But hovering nearby was a large commercial fishing vessel, a “mother boat” equipped with large ice chests for storage and hauling more than a dozen smaller craft. The crew on board was just waiting for the remainder of the fish to move into the river’s main channel, where they intended to scoop up as many as they could with their efficient gill nets.

A symbol of abundance to the rest of the world, the Amazon is experiencing a crisis of overfishing. As stocks of the most popular species diminish to worrisome levels, tensions are growing between subsistence fishermen and their commercial rivals, who are eager to enrich their bottom line and satisfy the growing appetite for fish of city-dwellers in Brazil and abroad.

In response, peasants up and down the Amazon, here in Brazil and in neighboring countries like Peru, are forming cooperatives to control fish catches and restock their rivers and lakes. But that effort, increasingly successful, has only encouraged the commercial fishing operations, as well as some of the peasants’ less disciplined neighbors, to step up their depredations.

“The industrial fishing boats, the big 20- to 30-ton vessels, they have a different mentality than us artisanal fishermen, who have learned to take the protection of the environment into account,” said the president of the local fishermen’s union. “They want to sweep everything up with their dragnets and then move on, benefiting from our work and sacrifice and leaving us with nothing.”

Part B Optional Translations (二選一題) （30 points）

Topic 1 (選題一)

Ever since the economist David Ricardo offered the basic theory in 1817, economic scripture has taught that open trade—free of tariffs, quotas, subsidies or other government distortions—improves the well-being of both parties. U.S. policy has implemented this doctrine with a vengeance. Why is free trade said to be universally beneficial? The answer is a doctrine called “comparative advantage”.

Here’s a simple analogy. If a surgeon is highly skilled both at doing operations and performing routine blood tests, it’s more efficient for the surgeon to concentrate on the surgery and pay a less efficient technician to do the tests, since that allows the surgeon to make the most efficient use of her own time.

By extension, even if the United States is efficient both at inventing advanced biotechnologies and at the routine manufacture of medicines, it makes sense for the United States to let the production work migrate to countries that can make the stuff more cheaply. Americans get the benefit of the cheaper products and get to spend their resources on even more valuable pursuits, That, anyway, has always been the premise. But here Samuelson dissents. What if the lower wage country also captures the advanced industry?

If enough higher-paying jobs are lost by American workers to outsourcing, he calculates, then the gain from the cheaper prices may not compensate for the loss in U.S. purchasing power.

“Free trade is not always a win-win situation,” Samuelson concludes. It is particularly a problem, he says, in a world where large countries with far lower wages, like India and China, are increasingly able to make almost any product or offer almost any service performed in the United States.

If America trades freely with them, then the powerful drag of their far lower will begin dragging down U.S. average wages. The U.S. economy may still grow, he calculates, but at a lower rate than it otherwise would have.

Topic 2 （選題二）

Uganda’s eagerness for genuine development is reflected in its schoolchildren’s smiles and in the fact that so many children are now going to school. Since 1997, when the government began to provide universal primary education, total primary enrollment had risen from 3 million to 7.6 million in 2004. Schools have opened where none existed before, although there is some way to go in reaching the poorest areas of the country.

Uganda has also made strides in secondary and higher education, to the point that it is attracting many students from other countries. At the secondary level, enrollment is above 700,000, with the private sector providing the majority if schools. For those who want to take their education further, there are 12 private universities in addition to the four publicly funded institutions, together providing 75,000 places.

Education is seen as a vital component in the fight against poverty. The battle for better health is another, although it is one that will take longer to win in a country that carries a high burden of disease, including malaria and AIDS. Here, the solutions can only arise from a combination of international support and government determination to continue spending public money on preventive care and better public health information.

Current government plants include recruiting thousands of nurses, increasing the availability of drugs and building 200 new maternity units.

Uganda’s high rate of population growth, at 3.6 percent per annum, poses a special challenge in the fight against poverty, says Finance Minister Gerald Ssendaula, who points out that the fertility rate, at 6.9 children per female, is the highest in Africa.

The government’s newly revised Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP) puts the “restoration of security” at the top of the current government agenda. This is because it estimates that Uganda has lost 3 percent of its gross domestic product each year that the conflict has persisted. Displaced people are not only a financial burden, they are unable to the economy.

The other core challenges identified by the revised PEAP are finding ways to keep the lowest income growing, improving the quality of education, giving people more control over the size of their families and using public resources transparently and efficiently. It is a document that other poor countries could learn from.

Section 2: Chinese- English Translation（漢譯英）（40 point）

This section consists of two parts: Part A “Compulsory Translation” and Part B “Optional Translations” which comprises “Topic 1” and “Topic 2”.Translation the passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into English. Write “Compulsory Translation” above your translation of Part A and write “Topic 1” or “Topic 2” above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 80 minutes.

Part A Compulsory Translation （必譯題）（20 points）

礦產資源是自然資源的重要組成部分，是人類社會發展的重要物質基礎。中國是世界上最早開發利用礦產資源的國家之一。 過去50年，中國在礦產資源勘探開發方面取得巨大成就。這為中國經濟的持續、快速、健康發展提供了重要保障。

中國政府高度重視可持續發展和礦產資源的合理利用，把可持續發展確定為國家戰略，把保護資源作為可持續發展戰略的重要內容。

中國是一個人口眾多、資源相對不足的發展中國家。中國主要依靠本國的礦產資源來保障現代化建設的需要。同時，中國又積極引進國外資本和技術開發中國礦產資源，利用國外市場與國外礦產資源，并努力推動中國礦山企業和礦產品進入國際市場。

Part B Optional Translations （二選一題）（20 points）

Topic 1（選題一）

眾所周知，鳥無翅膀不能飛，人無雙腿不能走。但對尹小星而言，鳥無翅膀不能飛，人無雙腿卻能走！

1970年出生于江蘇一戶農民家庭的尹小星，出生僅8個月就患小兒麻痹癥并發急性肺炎。雖然最終保住了命，他卻再也不能站立。因為身體殘疾，初中畢業后小星不得不輟學。生存的壓力對他來說顯得格外沉重，他販過水果，養過雞，還下功夫學習過中醫。

在他21歲的時候，這個年輕人竟懷揣一幅地圖，手持一個指南針，搖著輪椅踏上了走遍全中國的艱難路途。

近21年來小星手搖輪椅，足跡遍布31省、市、自治區，行程7萬多公里，用壞了4部輪椅。他實現了徒手攀登泰山、華山、衡山等20多座名山，孤身翻越海拔5231米的唐古拉山，手搖輪椅走過絲綢之路，穿越塔克拉瑪干（Taklimakan）大沙漠，徒手攀登上海東方明珠電視塔，圓滿完成從沙漠到香港的旅行。

Topic 2 （選題二）

長城是世界一大奇跡。現在，每年都有幾百萬人到長城游覽。在旺季，幾處最著名的景點總是讓成群結隊的游客擠得水泄不通。

中國人修筑城墻的歷史久遠，可以追溯到戰國時期。歷史上，中國共修過大約20座長城。在所有這些長城中，明長城最長，達到6700公里。在當時，中國技術在世界上處于領先地位，因此明長城的結構也是最復雜的。明長城的修筑是為了抵御北方游牧民族的入侵。

清朝建立后，由于它的建立者本身也是游牧民族，他們覺得沒有必要繼續修筑長城。不過，清政府還是頒布法令對長城進行保護，禁止拆磚。但是，歲月的流逝和連續戰亂使人們易到之處遭到了嚴重的破壞。

十幾年來，蓬勃發展的旅游業促進了長城的修繕工程。目前，多處長城已經修復，或正在修繕中。

參考譯文

Section 1: 英譯漢 （60分）

Part A （必譯題）（30分）

在亞馬遜河的這一支流上捕魚的農民就希望遇上那天的情況。

旱季最缺水的時候，河面迅速下降，一大群鱸魚正游進從十幾只小船上撒下的網里。鱸魚味道鮮美，能在市場上賣個好價錢。

“要是運氣不錯，趕上今天這種情況，就能掙350美元，”勞魯?蘇扎?阿爾梅達說道。他是當地漁民合作社的一位負責人。他一邊興高采烈地說著，一邊擺好了架式準備干活。他說：“對我們這樣的人來說，這可是一大筆錢呀。”因為就算一個人運氣好，能找到工作，按最低工資計算，要四個月才能掙這么些錢。

然而就在不遠的地方，有一只大型商業漁船在游弋，那是一只“母船”，備有巨大的儲藏冰柜，還拖著十幾只小船。船員都在船上等候，等到剩余的魚進入主河道以后，他們就用高效率的刺網進行捕撈，能撈多少，就撈多少。

亞馬遜河在世界上是物產豐富的標志，到它現在正經受一場過量捕魚的危機。隨著人們最喜愛的各種魚類數量日漸減少，到了令人擔憂的地步，靠打魚糊口的漁民和他們商業對手之間的緊張關系也日益加劇，因為這些對手一心想著裝滿自己的船艙，以滿足巴西乃至國外城里人越來越大的吃魚胃口。

針對這種情況，亞馬遜河沿岸的農民群眾，在巴西境內也好，在秘魯等鄰國也好，紛紛成立合作社，以求控制捕魚量，增加河湖中魚的數量。但是，這方面的努力雖日見成效，卻促使那些為商業目的而捕魚的機構以及附近一些不大守規矩的農民加緊進行掠奪。

“那些工業化的漁船，二、三十噸位的，他們的想法跟我們這些手工操作的漁民不一樣，我們懂得考慮怎樣保護環境，”當地的漁業工會主席說道。“他們想用拖網一網打盡，然后有上別處去打。我們出力，他們受益，弄得我們一無所有。”

Part B 二選一題 （30分）

選題一

[參考譯文]

自從經濟學家李嘉圖于1817年提出基本理論以來，經濟學方面的經典著作都說自由貿易免除關稅、限額和補貼，也沒有政府的其他小動作，因此會增加雙方的利益。美國的政策是不遺余力地實行這一理論。為什么說自由貿易可以使大家普遍受益呢？這可以在所謂“相對優勢”的理論中找到答案。

打個簡單的比方，假如一位外科醫生，既擅長動手術，又會做常規的驗血工作，要取得較好的效益，就應讓她集中精力做手術，同時雇一個能力較差的技術員去搞化驗，因為這樣就能讓這位外科醫生最有效的利用自己的時間。

引申而言，雖然美國既擅長發明高級的生物技術，有精于日常的藥品生產，明智的做法還是把藥品生產從美國轉移至生產費用更低的國家。這樣，美國人就可以一方面因廉價產品獲利，一方面把自己的資源用來從事更有價值的事業。這一向就是討論問題的前提。但是現在薩繆爾森卻提出了不同的看法。如果低工資國家也掌握了先進的產業，怎么辦？

據他估計，假如把過多的美國工人失去的較高工資的工作包到國外去，美國從廉價商品的獲益不見得能補償它購買力下降造成的損失。

薩繆爾森斷言：“自由貿易并不總是一種雙贏的局面。”他說，當今世界這個問題尤其突出。因為像印度和中國這樣的大國，他們的工資低的多，可是他們的能力有在不斷提高，美國能生產的產品，他們幾乎都能生產，美國能提供的服務，他們也幾乎都能夠提供。

假如美國與這些國家進行自由貿易，它們低的多的工資產生的巨大影響就會把美國的平均工資往下拉。據他推算，美國的經濟仍然會增長，不過比應有的增長速度要低。

選題二

[參考譯文]

烏干達渴望得到真正的發展，這種愿望不僅反映在小學生的笑臉上，而且還體現在那么多孩子在上學的現實中。自1997年政府開始普及小學教育以來，小學在校總人數已從300萬增至2004年的760萬。過去沒有學校的地方，現已開辦了學校，不過要把教育發展到國內最貧困的地區，還要經過一番努力。

烏干達在發展中等教育和高等教育方面也取得了進展，甚至吸引了其他國家的許多學生前來就學。在中等教育方面，在校人數現已超過70萬，大多數學校是民辦的。如有學生想繼續深造，除4家公立大學外，還有12家私立大學，共7.5萬個名額。

人們認為教育是戰勝貧困的重要一環，努力增強體質也是重要的一環。然而，烏干達飽受疾病的拖累，如瘧疾、艾滋病等，增強體質絕非一日之功。在這方面，要解決問題，必須一方面靠國際援助，一方面政府要下決心，繼續撥款預防疾病，并加強宣傳公共衛生知識。

目前政府計劃包括招聘數千名護理人員，增加藥品供應，新建200所產科診所。

財政部長杰拉爾德?森達烏拉說，烏干達人口的年增長率為百分之3.6，這樣高的增長率對消除貧困構成特殊障礙。他還指出，烏干達平均每個女人生6.9孩子，這一生育率是全非洲最高的。

政府最近修訂過的《消除貧困行動計劃》將“恢復安全”列為政府當前的首要任務。這是因為它估計連年不斷的沖突已使烏干達的國內生產總值每年下降3個百分點。流離失所的人們不僅是財政方面的負擔，也不能為發展經濟出力。

修訂過的《消除貧困行動計劃》列舉的其他重大事項還包括設法不斷提高最低收入，改進教育質量，幫助人們最好地控制家庭人口，透明而有效地使用公共資源等。這一文件值得其他貧困國家借鑒。

Section 2: 漢譯英 （40分）

Part A （必譯題）（20分）

[參考譯文]

Mineral resources are an important part of natural resources and an important material foundation for the development of human society. China is one of the first countries in the world to develop and utilize resources.

Over the past five decades, China has made great achievements in the survey and development of its mineral resources. This has provided an important guarantee for the sustained, rapid and sound development of the Chinese economy.

The Chinese Government attaches great importance to sustainable development and the rational utilization of mineral resources. It has made sustainable development a national strategy and the protection of resources an important part of this strategy.

China is developing country with a large population and a relative shortage of resources. It depends mainly on the exploitation of its own mineral resources to meet the needs of its modernization program. Meanwhile, it has made energetic efforts to introduce foreign capital and technology to exploit its own resources, make use of foreign markets and foreign mineral resources, and strive to help its own mining enterprises and mineral products to enter the international market.

Part B 二選一題 （30分）

選題一

[參考譯文]

As everyone knows, birds cannot fly without wings and a person cannot walk without legs. But for Yin Xiaoxing, while birds cannot fly without wings, a person can walk even without legs!

Born in 1970 into a farmer’s family in Jiangsu Province, Yin Xiaoxing suffered from polio and acute pneumonia at the age of only eight months. He survived but lost the ability to stand on his feet. Because of his disability, Xiaoxing had to give up his study after junior middle school. The burden of life seemed to be especially heavy for him. He tried to make a living by selling fruits, raising chickens and taking pains to learn traditional Chinese medicine.

At the age of 21, this young man, with a map and a compass in hand, embarked on the hard journey of traveling around China in his wheelchair.

In the last 12 years, Yin Xiaoxing traveled a total of 70,000 kilometers in his wheelchair and left his footprints in 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. During this period, he wore out four wheelchairs. He left a trail of human records including climbing more than 20 famous mountains like Mont Tai, Mount Hua and Mount Heng with his hands, crossing the 5,231-meter-high Mount Tanggula alone, traveling along the Silk Road in wheelchair, crossing the Taklimakan Desert, getting to the top of the Oriental Pearl TV Tower in Shanghai with his hands, and completing the journey from the desert to Hong Kong.

選題一

[參考譯文]

The Great Wall is a wonder of the world. Now, millions of people journey to the Great Wall each year, making its most popular sites besieged by hordes of tourists during busy seasons.

The Chinese have a long history of building walls, dating from the Warring States period. In history, about 20 walls were built, with the wall constructed during the Ming Dynasty being the longest, extending 6,700 km. China was the most technologically advanced nation in the world then, so the wall was also the most sophisticated in structure. It was built to ward off the invasion of nomads from the north.

After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, since its founders were themselves nomads, they did not see a need to continue with wall building. Nonetheless, the Qing government did institute a law to preserve the wall, banning the removal of bricks from it. But, the impact of time and continuous wars have left the wall greatly damaged in its most accessible sections.

Over the past 10-plus years, the booming tourist industry has stimulated the Great wall’s renovation project. Now, many of its sections have been or are being revamped.