一、積累要素
攻讀口譯的過程實際上是一個積累的過程。先有積累,后有提高;沒有日積月累,就沒有扎實的功底和切實的提高。課堂聽課、課后復習。大量精美語句、閃光說法、
地道表達的積累其實都是為最后的輸出打基礎。由于學生在學習過程中的被動性和置身于大量語言信息中的困惑性、盲目性,因此,任課教師將起到為學生進行目標量
化、知識積累和引導學習的作用。
學生的主動性永遠是最核心的。比如每天從課本上總結10個特別地道的漢譯英或英譯漢句子,然后背得滾瓜爛熟,這樣做既可以保證課堂知識的鞏固和吸收,又可以極大地激發自己對英語學習的興趣。見以下漢譯英的例句:
1.我們“五一”放長假讓“非典”給“攪黃”了。英文是Our May Day holidays were spoiled//ruined by SARS.
2.他來了,憋足了勁要決一雌雄。英文是He came,spoiling for a showdown(攤牌)./He came,determined to see who was stronger.
3.你會發現他這個人很講信用。英文是You will find that he’s as good as his word. /You’ll,find that he is a trustworthy man./You'll,find that he is a man of honor.
4.我的直覺告訴我,我們的新老板做的比所承諾的還要寬厚、大方。英文是My intuition tells me that our new boss is better than his word./My first impression On our new boss tells me that he is kinder and more generous than what what he has promised others.
5.是要龍蝦呢還是要螃蟹,我拿不定主意。英文是l can’t make up my mind. I can’t decide between the lobster and the crab./I’m not sure whether 1 should, order//take the lobster Or the crab.
6.他的臉上明顯流露著內疚的神情。英文是Guilt was written all over his face./Obviously we could see//tell from his facial expression that he felt guilty.
7.他的英語并沒什么了不起的。英文是His English is nothing much to write home about.vs.His English is, in fact,so so./he speaks so--so English.
8.我剛來了一個星期的時間.所以一切還在摸索著干呢。英文是I’ve only been here for one week, so I’m still finding my feet./...so I’m still learning.
9.我30歲出頭時才找到了//發現了自我。英文是I began to find myself in my early thirties.
10.告訴我你對她怎么著了?你啞巴了嗎?英文是Tell me what you have done to her! Have you lost your tongue?/...Are you dumb?
我們的課本上以及許多老師自己補充的資料上面都有大量精美的、地道的語句,這就是上課過程中的亮點之所在。總體處理的原則是:英譯漢越符合中國人的口頭表達習慣越好,因為這樣才能“地道”。漢譯英先從簡(為了順利轉換和交際的目的),再尋求精美(英語中的地道)!
二、靈活要素
翻譯過程中,我們在許多地方受阻,主要是蒙頭硬沖的結果.文字表達是“柔性的”,最能“克剛”,因此,硬沖肯定不是辦法。我們必須憑借“迂回表達法”。像上面的“啞巴”,如果我們不知道dumb這個單詞,這并不應該妨礙我們交際過程中的表達,畢竟我們會說,a person who can't speak。同樣,如果我們要講“我得好好收拾收拾他”,但不知道“收拾”怎么表達才地道,最起碼我們學過“teach sb a lesson”,我們還可以說“give him some color”,或干脆再迂回一下這樣來表達1 will be very angry with him,and then he'll remember me forever!當然,如果知道“I'll fix him up”就更好了。
課堂資料中,太多的東西需要采取一種迂回的表達才能渡過難關,這種意識的培養實際上就是在培養一種處世不驚、遇事不亂的“靈活性”。例如:
1.許多大科學家一生鐘愛藝術,且懂藝術,從中汲取養料,培養浩然正氣,或得到人生最大寬慰。相反,能熱愛并且理解自然科學和工程技術的文學藝術家真可謂鳳毛麟角。英文是Many great scientists love art all their lives.They understand it and absorb nutrients from it (benefit from it).They foster an upright spirit out of it,and very often,find the greatest//ultimate pleasure//comfort from it. Quite the opposite,artists who both love and understand natural science and engineering technology are really rare(are the rarity of rarity)。
2.他們創造了令人嘆為觀止的音樂傳播手段,從最早的機械留聲機到今天五花八門的電子媒體。英文是They have created amazing//fascinating means of music transmission,ranging from the earliest gramophones to the miscellaneous//different kinds of electronic media of nowadays.
3.對于有文化的女性來說,她們不是把家庭當成依賴。她們找的是知音,是精神上可以信任和理解的人。英文是。To those educated women,families are not what they depend on,What they seek for is a bosom friend,a person who is spititually trustworthy and one she can really understand.
無論是老師還是學生都應該去廣泛收集一些特別地道的英漢語句,用以強化訓練自己的變通能力,這一點非常有意義。