第三十四篇 國有企業改革

我們清楚地看到，我國的經濟發展還存在不少問題。例如，一些國有企業生產經營困難，下崗和失業人員增多，經濟整體素質和效益不高。

We are fully aware that there are still quite a few problems in our economic development. For example, some state-owned enterprises are experiencing difficulties in production and business operation, which has led to increased unemployment and poor economic profits.

國有企業改革是當前經濟體制改革的重點。我們要用三年時間，通過改革、改組、改造和加強管理，使大多數國有大中型虧損企業擺脫困境，并在本世紀末使大多數國有大中型骨干企業初步建立現代企業制度。

The reform of state-owned enterprises is considered the principle task of China’s current economic restructuring endeavor. It is proposed that within about three years, through reform, reorganization, upgrading and improved management, most of the large and medium-sized state owned loss-making enterprises should have been extricated from their predicament, and a modern enterprises system in the bulk of large and medium-sized state-owned hey enterprises should have been establishes initially by the end of the century.

國有企業改革的指導思想和基本任務如下：第一，把國有企業改革作為經濟體制改革的中心環節，以建立現代企業制度為方向，切實轉換企業經營機制。第二， “抓大放小”， 對國有企業進行戰略性改組。第三， 探索和發展公有制的多種實現形式。第四，把改革同改組、改造、加強管理結合起來。第五， 鼓勵兼并、規范破產、下崗分流、減員增效和實施再就業工程。第六，推進以建立社會保障制度為重點的配套改革。

The following constitutes the guidelines and basic tasks for the reform of state-owned enterprises: First, we should take the reform of state-owned enterprises as the pivotal point in economic restructuring, and strive to change their operating mechanism, with the establishment of a modern enterprises system as our orientation. Second, we should carry out a strategic reorganization of state-owned enterprises by learning to manage large enterprises well while relaxing control over small ones. Third, we should explore various forms for realizing public ownership. Fourth, we should combine our efforts to reform enterprises with efforts to reorganize, upgrade and exercise more effective management of them. Fifth, we should encourage mergers, standardize bankruptcy procedures, redirect laid-off workers, increase efficiency by reducing redundant staff and implement re-employment programs. Sixth, we should promote supportive reforms focusing on the establishment of a social security system.

在一些重要行業和關鍵領域，鼓勵組建大型企業集團，增強在國內外市場的競爭能力。發展企業集團要堅持以市場為導向，打破部門、地區和所有制的界限，支持強強聯合，實現優勢互補。加快國有企業的改組和調整，鼓勵優勢企業兼并困難企業，使資源得到有效利用。對長期虧損、扭虧無望的企業實施規范破產。各級政府要關心和支持分流企業富余人員、提高效益的工作。

In important industries and priority fields, the establishment of large enterprise groups should be encouraged in order to increase their competitiveness in both domestic and foreign markets. In boosting enterprise groups, we should persist in taking the market as our orientation, break departmental, regional and ownership barriers, and support association between strong enterprises so that they will take advantage of each other’s strengths. In accelerating the reorganization and readjustment of state-owned enterprises, we should encourage strong enterprises to merge with difficulty-ridden ones so as to make more efficient use of resources. We should declare bankrupt according to regulations those loss-making enterprises whose long-time difficult situation is unlikely to end. Government at all levels should be concerned about and support the effort of redirecting surplus employees of enterprises to improve business efficiency.

要積極穩妥地進行股份制和股份合作制的改革。對具備條件的大中型企業實行規范的公司制，根據市場情況，允許一些企業上市發行股票。企業改制要真正轉變經營機制，實行政企分開，明確國家和企業的權利和責任，完善內部管理制度，防止國有資產流失。要采取從改組、聯合、兼并、租賃、承包經營和股份合作制、出售等形式，加快搞活國有小企業的步伐。要把經營自主權真正放給企業，實行自負盈虧，使小企業能夠更加靈活地適應市場。

Reform will take place actively and steadily in matters concerning the establishment of the joint share system and the joint stock cooperative system. We shall corporatize large and medium-sized enterprises in a standard way where conditions permit, allowing some enterprises to be listed and issue stocks in accordance with market conditions. In the reform of enterprises, we shall overhaul their operational procedures, separate government functions from enterprise management, and delineate the rights and responsibilities of the state and enterprises. Meanwhile, we should improve the internal management system and prevent the devaluation of state assets. We should accelerate the pace of relaxing control over small state-owned enterprises and invigorating them by way of reorganization, association, merging, leasing, contract operation, the joint stock cooperative system and sell-off. We should make sure that the right to independent operation is delegated to small enterprises so that they can be responsible for their own profits and losses and adapt themselves to the market in a more flexible way.

企業管理部門要轉變觀念，使生產經營和內部管理適應市場的要求。在任何時候都要重視加快技術進步和新產品開發。要不斷調整產品結構，加強市場營銷，改善售后服務，降低成本，提高質量，增強競爭能力。

The management of enterprises should change their outdated way of thinking so that production, operation and internal management can meet the needs of the market. At any time, importance must be attached to the work of speeding up technological progress and developing new products. We must readjust the product mix on a regular basis, improve marketing and after-sale services, reduce production cost and upgrade quality, so as to become stronger competitors in the market.