1. Globally, alcohol consumption has increased in recent decades, with all or most of that increase in developing countries. This increase is often occurring in countries with few methods of prevention, control or treatment. The rise in alcohol consumption in developing countries provides ample cause for concern over the possible rise in alcohol related problems in those regions of the world. There is increasing evidence that besides volume of alcohol, the pattern of the drinking is relevant for the health outcomes. Overall, there is a causal relationship between alcohol consumption and more than 60 types of disease and injury. Worldwide alcohol costs 2.5 million death, 3.8% of total. The burden is not equally distributed among all the countries.
在全球范圍內，酒精消費在近幾十年內都在增長，幾乎大部分消費都發生在發展中國家。這些增長通常發生在缺乏預防、控制和治療措施的國家中。因為發展中國家酒精消費的增長，人們開始關心酒精可能帶來的相關問題的增多。有越來越多的證據表明，除了酒精含量，飲酒方式也與健康息息相關。總的來說，超過60種的疾病和傷亡都與酒精消費有關。在世界各地，酒精造成了250萬人死亡，占全球死亡人數的3.8%。對此，世界各國要負的責任不是均等的。


2. Traditional medicine is the sum total of knowledge, skills and practices based on the theories, beliefs and experiences indigenous to different cultures that are used to maintain health, as well as to prevent, diagnose or treat physical and mental illnesses. Traditional medicine that has been adopted by other populations (outside its indigenous culture) is often termed alternative or complementary medicine. Herbal medicines include herbs, herbal preparations, and finished herbal products that contain parts of plants as active ingredients. In some Asian and African countries, 80% of the population depend on traditional medicine for primary health care. In many developed countries, 70% to 80% of the population has used some form of alternative or complementary medicine, such as acupuncture.
傳統醫學是保持健康以及預防、診斷或治療身心疾病方面所使用的以不同文化固有的理論、信仰和經驗為基礎的知識、技能和實踐總和。其他人群所采用的傳統醫學（不屬于其本土文化范疇）通常被稱作替代或補充醫學。草藥醫學包括藥草、草藥制劑和草藥成品，其中包含作為有效成分的植物部分。在亞洲和非洲一些國家，80%的人口依賴傳統醫學提供初級衛生保健。在許多發達國家，70%-80%的人口使用某種形式的替代或補充醫學,例如針灸。