評論
打印
網絡空間的自由與秩序
Liberty and Order in Cyberspace
——在第五屆中英互聯網圓桌會議上的主旨演講
--Keynote speech at the Fifth China-UK Internet Roundtable
中國國家互聯網信息辦公室主任 魯煒
Lu Wei, Minister of the State Internet Information Office, China
2013年9月9日
September 9, 2013
來到英國這個“www”發明者的故鄉，讓我不禁想起2012年倫敦奧運會開幕式上動人的一幕：男孩弗蘭克和女孩瓊恩用精彩的表演，向“www”的發明者、被譽為“互聯網之父”的蒂姆·伯納斯·李先生致敬，感謝他帶來的美好網絡時代。伯納斯·李先生則面帶微笑坐在“倫敦碗”中央，輕快地敲擊電腦鍵盤，看臺上閃現出一排巨大的字符：THIS IS FOR EVERYONE。
Good morning! Since I arrived in the United Kingdom, the birthplace of the World Wide Web, I cannot help recalling a touching moment at the opening ceremony of the 2012 London Olympic Games. Two teenagers, Frankie and June, gave an exciting performance in tribute to the inventor of the World Wide Web, Sir Tim Berners-Lee, for his gift to the world. Mr. Berners-Lee, sitting in the center of the Olympic Stadium with a smile on his face, tapped on a computer keyboard, and then a row of giant letters flashed around the stadium: “THIS IS FOR EVERYONE”.
這句話雖然簡短，卻說出了互聯網與人類的關系。互聯網作為20世紀最偉大的發明之一，是全人類共有的財富、共享的資源、共同的家園。互聯網讓整個世界變成了“地球村”。在這個承載著70億人的“村莊”里，每一個人都崇尚自由、追求幸福。自由靠什么來實現和維護？英國著名作家蕭伯納曾經說過，“自由意味著責任”。我想同樣可以說，“自由意味著秩序”。自由和秩序緊密相連、不可分割，自由是秩序的目的，秩序是自由的保障，離開了秩序的自由是不存在的。哪里沒有秩序，那里一定沒有自由。我們越追求自由，就越需要秩序。秩序的要義正是“為了每一個人”。
The sentence is short, but points out the relationship between man and the Internet. As one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century, the Internet is a treasure, a resource and a homeland for all mankind. It has turned the world into a “village.” In this “village,” home to 7 billion people, everyone pursues freedom and happiness. But by what means can we achieve and safeguard liberty? The famous writer George Bernard Shaw once said: “Liberty means responsibility.” I think I can also say “Liberty means order.” The two are closely linked, as liberty is the aim of order and order is the safeguard of liberty. Liberty cannot exist without order. Where there is no order, there is no liberty. The more we seek liberty, the more we need order. The essence of order is exactly that it is “for everyone.”
為了每一個人，我們倡導構建六個方面的秩序：
For the sake of everyone: we advocate the establishment of an order, in the following six aspects.
一是倡導互相尊重的秩序。在英國，“紳士”是講文明、守秩序的典范。在中國，我們有一個與“紳士”相一致的稱謂，叫“君子”，君子之道就是“己所不欲、勿施于人”。今天，我們同樣也需要“網上君子”和“網上紳士”。在網絡空間里，不同膚色、不同民族、不同文化、不同語言的人們，應共同享有參與權、表達權、發展權。雖然各國國情和文化傳統不同，但我們應當摒棄偏見、尊重差異、包容開放，特別是要尊重網絡主權，不搞網絡霸權，不把本國的利益凌駕于他國的利益之上。我們要共同攜手，致力于構建一個互相尊重、平等相待的互聯網發展秩序。
Firstly, we call for an order of mutual respect. In the United Kingdom, being a “gentleman” means keeping to etiquette and order. In China, we have a parallel title junzi. Being a “junzi” means “not imposing on others what you yourself do not desire.” We also need “Internet junzi” and “Internet gentlemen.” In cyberspace, people with different skin colors, nationalities, cultures and languages should be equally entitled to participation, free speech and development. Although each country has a different status quo, culture and tradition, we should abandon prejudices, respect differences and be tolerant and open. In particular, we should respect cyber sovereignty, discard hegemony and avoid putting our own country’s interests above those of other countries. We should join hands to build an order for the development of the Internet on the basis of mutual respect and equal treatment.
二是倡導信息共享的秩序。互聯網的本質屬性就是傳播信息、共享信息。當今時代，信息引導著資本，影響著決策，決定著交易。一個企業、一個機構，能否通過信息把握市場規律，預測市場前景，發現市場機遇，控制市場風險，是核心競爭力的重要方面。掌握信息的多寡也是一個國家軟實力、影響力的重要標志。目前互聯網上存在的許多問題，都與信息傳播的不客觀、不全面、不平衡、不對稱密切相關。當今世界，20%的人口占有80%的信息資源，80%的人口只享用不到20%的信息資源，出現二八分立的格局，形成了嚴重的信息鴻溝。我們應當致力于打破信息壁壘，消除信息鴻溝，讓信息在互聯網上自由、安全、有序地流動，成為可以共享的財富，更好地造福社會、造福人類。
Secondly, we should encourage the establishment of an order for sharing information. The Internet was designed for disseminating and sharing information. Information channels capital, influences decision-making and determines transactions. One factor undergirding the competitiveness of a company or institution is whether it is able to understand market rules, predict the outlook, discover opportunities, and control market risks through information. The amount of information a country can obtain is an important symbol of its soft power and influence. The Internet is rife with problems, all of which are related to subjectivity, bias, imbalances and asymmetry of information dissemination. Twenty percent of the world’s population controls 80 percent of the information, while the remaining 80 percent of the population has access to less than 20 percent of the information. This has led to a large information gap. We should strive to break down the information barrier and bridge the information gap. We should makeinformation flow on the Internet freely, safely and in an orderly way, and turn it into a treasure for everyone, thus bringing more benefits to society and humanity.
三是倡導傳播正能量的秩序。2012年中國十大流行語中，“正能量”一詞位居榜首。這個詞的流行源于英國心理學家理查德·懷斯曼的《正能量》一書。在當今中國，“正能量”被賦予了更多的內涵，所有積極的、健康的、催人奮進的、給人力量的、充滿希望、充滿愛心的人和事，都是“正能量”。正能量就是要給人向上的信心和希望，鼓勵大家愛國家、愛社會、愛生活，追求一切美好的事物。我們所做的一切，最終都是為了傳播正能量。正能量沒有國界，如果每個人都通過互聯網傳播正能量，世界一定會變得更加美好。
Thirdly, we should encourage the establishment of an order for spreading positive energy. The phrase “positive energy” topped the list of China’s buzzwords in 2012. The popularity of the phrase is attributed to the book, “Rip It Up”, written by the British psychologist Richard Wiseman. The phrase “positive energy” has acquired extra levels of meaning in China today. All positive, sound, inspiring, supportive, hopeful and loving people and things are considered “positive energy.” Positive energy is meant to give people confidence and hope, encourage people to love their country, society and life, as well as to pursue nice things. Everything we do is ultimately for the sake of spreading positive energy. Positive energy knows no boundaries. If everyone were to spread positive energy on the Internet, the world would be a much better place.
四是倡導文明和諧的秩序。互聯網是時代進步的產物，是現代文明的象征，肩負著弘揚優秀文化、傳承文明成果的重要使命。但是也要清醒地看到，網上還存在大量不良信息，特別是那些色情暴力信息對未成年人的身心健康造成了極大威脅。不滌清互聯網上的“污泥濁水”，必將影響社會風尚，影響未成年人成長，影響互聯網健康發展。英國政府一直致力于對未成年人上網進行保護，避免他們接觸有害信息。文明進步是全人類的共同追求，各國都應堅持文明辦網的原則，引導網民文明上網，營造健康和諧的網絡環境，積極運用互聯網這一現代傳播工具，弘揚世界優秀文化，推動社會文明進步。
Fourthly, we should establish an Internet order which is civilized and harmonious. The Internet is a product of social development, and a symbol of modern civilization. It carries the important missions of passing on cultural heritage and promoting civilization. But one cannot forget that there is a large amount of harmful information on the Internet, especially pornographic and violent contents, which have severely impaired teenagers' physical and mental health. The “dregs” of the Internet, if not cleaned in time, will affect social trends, child development, and the sound development of the Internet. The British government has long been committed to protecting young people from exposure to harmful information online. Civilization and progress are the common pursuit of mankind. In order to create a healthy and harmonious Internet environment, all countries should cultivate a civilized Internet, and guide their people to use the Internet in a civilized way. We should utilize the Internet to promote culturaldiversity, social progress and civilization.
