Statement by Edward Snowden to Human Rights Groups at Moscow’s Sheremetyevo Airport

愛德華·斯諾登莫斯科謝列梅捷沃機場向各家人權組織發表的聲明

Friday July 12

2013年7月12日

Hello. My name is Ed Snowden. A little over one month ago, I had family, a home in paradise, and I lived in great comfort. I also had the capability without any warrant to search for, seize, and read your communications. Anyone’s communications at any time. That is the power to change people’s fates.

大家好，我叫愛德華·斯諾登，就在一個多月之前，我還有家庭，我的家安在天堂般的樂園，我的生活相當舒適愜意。我還可以不用任何授權，就可以在任何時間，搜索、截取以及審閱任何人的通信信息。我擁有這種能力。這是一種能改變人類命運的力量。

It is also a serious violation of the law. The 4th and 5th Amendments to the Constitution of my country, Article 12 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and numerous statutes and treaties forbid such systems of massive, pervasive surveillance. While the US Constitution marks these programs as illegal, my government argues that secret court rulings, which the world is not permitted to see, somehow legitimize an illegal affair. These rulings simply corrupt the most basic notion of justice – that it must be seen to be done. The immoral cannot be made moral through the use of secret law.

這也是對法律的嚴重侵犯。我的國家——美國憲法第四和第五修正案、“世界人權宣言”第12條，以及眾多法規和條約都明令禁止這樣大規模、無孔不入的監視系統存在。雖然美國憲法將這樣的項目列為非法，但美國政府認為，在世界不允許發現的、秘密法庭的裁決下，某種程度上可以使得這種非法的事情合法化。這些裁決真正腐蝕了正義最基本的概念——什么事是被視為是必須要做的。(即使)通過秘密法規，不道德的行為也不能成為有道德的行為。

I believe in the principle declared at Nuremberg in 1945: "Individuals have international duties which transcend the national obligations of obedience. Therefore individual citizens have the duty to violate domestic laws to prevent crimes against peace and humanity from occurring."

我深信1945年紐倫堡審判時宣布的法則：“每個人都負有國際義務，它們超越了對國家義務的服從。因此，為防止危害和平與人性的罪行發生，公民個人負有的責任和義務可以與國家法律相抵觸。”

Accordingly, I did what I believed right and began a campaign to correct this wrongdoing. I did not seek to enrich myself. I did not seek to sell US secrets. I did not partner with any foreign government to guarantee my safety. Instead, I took what I knew to the public, so what affects all of us can be discussed by all of us in the light of day, and I asked the world for justice.

據此，我做了我認為正確的事情，并掀起了一場糾正這種錯誤行為的行動。我并未汲汲于名利。我并未尋求出售美國機密。我沒有與任何外國政府合作以保證我的安全。相反地，我把我知道的事情面向公眾公開，因此我們所有人可以在光天化日之下，討論影響著我們所有人的事情，我向這個世界尋求的，是正義。

That moral decision to tell the public about spying that affects all of us has been costly, but it was the right thing to do and I have no regrets.

決定向大眾公開影響我們所有人的間諜活動，關乎道德抉擇，需付出高昂的代價，但這是該做的事情，我不會為此遺憾。

Since that time, the government and intelligence services of the United States of America have attempted to make an example of me, a warning to all others who might speak out as I have. I have been made stateless and hounded for my act of political expression. The United States Government has placed me on no-fly lists. It demanded Hong Kong return me outside of the framework of its laws, in direct violation of the principle of non-refoulement – the Law of Nations. It has threatened with sanctions countries who would stand up for my human rights and the UN asylum system. It has even taken the unprecedented step of ordering military allies to ground a Latin American president’s plane in search for a political refugee. These dangerous escalations represent a threat not just to the dignity of Latin America, but to the basic rights shared by every person, every nation, to live free from persecution, and to seek and enjoy asylum.

從那時起，美國政府和情報部門試圖拿我“殺雞儆猴”，警告所有其他可能會說出我所說事情的人。我的政治表現使得我成了被追獵的對象，成了無國籍人士。美國政府把我列入了禁飛名單。它在法律框架外要求香港將我遣返，這是對國際法“不推回原則”的直接侵犯。美國政府對所有幫助維護我人權、尊重聯合國庇護制度的國家發出威脅。為了一個政治難民，它甚至采取了前所未有的手段，命令其軍事盟友迫降拉美國家總統的專機。這些危險的步步升級的手段，不僅是對拉美國家尊嚴的恐嚇，也是對所有人、所有國家都享有的基本權利的恐嚇，是對希望在免遭迫害中生活，尋求并享受庇護權利的人的恐嚇。

Yet even in the face of this historically disproportionate aggression, countries around the world have offered support and asylum. These nations, including Russia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Nicaragua, and Ecuador have my gratitude and respect for being the first to stand against human rights violations carried out by the powerful rather than the powerless. By refusing to compromise their principles in the face of intimidation, they have earned the respect of the world. It is my intention to travel to each of these countries to extend my personal thanks to their people and leaders.

然而，即使是在面對這種具歷史性的、不相稱的侵略行為時，世界多國仍為我提供支持和庇護。這些國家包括俄羅斯、委內瑞拉、玻利維亞和尼加拉瓜，而厄瓜多爾是第一個挺身而出對抗這種以強凌弱、侵犯人權的行為的，我對此表示感激和尊敬。在恫嚇面前它們拒絕原則上的妥協，它們已經贏得了世界的尊重。我打算先后前往這五個國家，以深表我對這些國家的領導人以及人民的感激。

I announce today my formal acceptance of all offers of support or asylum I have been extended and all others that may be offered in the future. With, for example, the grant of asylum provided by Venezuela’s President Maduro, my asylee status is now formal, and no state has a basis by which to limit or interfere with my right to enjoy that asylum. As we have seen, however, some governments in Western European and North American states have demonstrated a willingness to act outside the law, and this behavior persists today. This unlawful threat makes it impossible for me to travel to Latin America and enjoy the asylum granted there in accordance with our shared rights.

我今天宣布，正式接受所有在我提出請求后，愿意提供支持或庇護的國家，包括那些未來可能應我申請提供支持的國家。例如，委內瑞拉總統馬杜羅正式批準對我進行庇護，我已經正式成為“政治難民”，任何國家都沒有立場去限制或干涉我接受庇護的權利。然而，正如我們所看到的，西歐和北美一些國家的政府已展現了游離于法律外行事的意志，而且這種行事方式現在仍在繼續。這種不正當的威脅使得我無法飛赴拉美并接受庇護，擁有大家都享有的基本權利。

This willingness by powerful states to act extra-legally represents a threat to all of us, and must not be allowed to succeed. Accordingly, I ask for your assistance in requesting guarantees of safe passage from the relevant nations in securing my travel to Latin America, as well as requesting asylum in Russia until such time as these states accede to law and my legal travel is permitted. I will be submitting my request to Russia today, and hope it will be accepted favorably.

這些強國希圖采取超越法律的手段，威脅到了我們所有人，一定不能讓其成功。因此，我請求你們提供幫助，從有關國家的安全通道前往拉美。我也請求俄羅斯提供政治庇護，直至這些國家批準我合法地旅行。我今天將向俄羅斯提交申請，并希望它會被順利地接受。

If you have any questions, I will answer what I can.

如果大家有任何問題，我將回答我所能回答的。

Thank you.

謝謝。

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