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Down to the Countryside Movement
The Down to the Countryside Movement (literally "Up to the mountains and down to the villages") was a policy instituted in the People's Republic of China in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
As a result of the anti-bourgeois thinking prevalent during the Cultural Revolution, Mao Zedong declared certain privileged urban youth would be sent to mountainous areas or farming villages, in order that they could learn from the workers and farmers there.
Essentially, Mao used the "up to the mountains and down to the villages" to quell unrest and remove the embarrassment of the early Cultural Revolution from sight.
As a result, many fresh high school graduates were forced out of the cities and effectively exiled to remote areas of China.
1.特赦 special pardon; special amnesty
【例】The prisoners were set at liberty by the special amnesty of the President.
總統特赦了一批罪犯。
2.戰犯 war criminal
【例】Many war criminals were proceeded against following World War II.
第二次世界大戰后許多戰犯被提起公訴。
3.大字報 （拼音直譯）Dazibao;（字號大的海報）big-character poster；
【例】We all remember that in 1980, after the defeat of the Gang of Four, the National People's Congress adopted a resolution to delete from the Constitution the provision concerning the right of citizens to "speak out freely, air their views fully, hold great debates and put up big-character posters".
大家可以回想一下，粉碎“四人幫”以后，全國人大在一九八○年通過一個議案，取消憲法中的關于“大鳴、大放、大辯論、大字報”這一條。
4.三年自然災害 （三年自然災害）Three Years of Natural Disasters （中國大饑荒）Great Chinese Famine
5.文化大革命 （無產階級文化大革命） the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution; the Great Cultural Revolution
【例】The "Cultural Revolution" was really a gross error.
“文化大革命”的確是一個大錯誤。
