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A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners.
一個世紀前，來自大西洋的移民包括定居者和旅居者。
Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay,
有許多人來美國是希望能在此永久安家，也有些人并無意定居，
and who would make some money and then go home.
想掙一些錢，之后就回家。
Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 millin people arrived while about 2 million departed.
在1908年到1915年之間，來此的700萬人中，大約有200萬人最終離開。
About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good.
例如，大概有四分之一祖籍意大利的移民最終都永遠回到故國。
They even had an affectionate nickname, "uccelli di passaggio," birds of passage.
他們甚至有一個滿懷深情的綽號：候鳥。
Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants.
如今，我們對移民的理解更加刻板了。
We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad.
我們把新來者區分為兩類：合法移民與非法移民，好移民或壞移民。
We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens fit for deportation.
我們把他們稱之為正在形成中的美國人，或者把他們當作外星人驅逐出境。
That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it.
這一概念框架對我們支離破碎的移民體系、長時間的政治癱瘓做出了巨大貢獻，而不是如何解決這個問題。
We don't need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories.
我們不需要更多的類別，但是我們應該改變我們對類別的看法。
We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal.
我們不應該局限于合法或者非法的嚴格定義。
To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas.
首先，我們可以辨別出新的移民，那些在灰色地帶生或和發展的人。
We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.
然后也許我們就能開始面對移民挑戰了。
Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers,
收莊稼人、小提琴手、建筑工人、企業家、工程師、
home health-care aides and physicists are among today's birds of passage.
家庭護理助手和醫生等構成了今天的移民。
They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas.
他們積極參與由勞工、資金和觀念潮流所驅動的全球經濟。
They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them.
他們更愿意隨著良機的召喚來到美國或者離開，
They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.
他們可以在一個地方安家，在另一個地方謀職。
With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease.
有或沒有許可，他們都可以輕松地跨越法律、轄區和身份。
We need them to imagine the United States as a place
我們需要他們把美國想象為這樣一個地方，
where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever.
在這里他們可以短暫停留，而無需承諾永久居留于此。
We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.
我們需要讓他們感覺到四處皆可為家，他們可以有尊嚴地同屬兩個國家。
Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle.
生活在這個人們不停移動的新世界，移民之戰的雙方都需要有新的態度。
Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground
超越移民合法性方面的文化之爭，意味著要開啟中間地帶，
and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes.
意識到當今的移民管理體系需要多種途徑，從而取得多樣化的結果。
Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.
其中就包括解決那些在現有體系中很難通過合法手段實現的問題。
