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Gut microbes spur liver cancer in obese mice,Nature, June 26th, 2013
肥胖老鼠腸道微生物引發(fā)肝癌,自然,2013年6月26日
The gut bacteria of obese mice unleash high levels of an acid that promotes liver cancer, reveals one of the first studies to uncover a mechanism for the link between obesity and cancer.
一項旨在揭示肥胖與癌癥之間聯(lián)系的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，肥胖老鼠腸道微生物能大量釋放一種能導(dǎo)致肝癌的酸。
Eijione Hara,one of the study authors, and his colleagues initially set out to study how dying cells influence obesity-linked cancers.
Eijione Hara是該項研究的研究人員之一，他和他的同事們開始這項研究的目的是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)即將死亡的細胞對與肥胖相關(guān)的癌癥的影響。
Cells that are irrepairably damaged or pre-cancerous can become senescent — meaning that they stop dividing for overall health of the organism.
不可修復(fù)的受損細胞或癌變前細胞會成為衰老細胞，即這些細胞會停止為了維持機體健康而進行的分裂。
But before senescent cells die, they can spew out chemicals that may cause inflammation and promote cancer development.
但是在這些衰老細胞死亡之前，它們會釋放出能夠?qū)е缕渌毎a(chǎn)生炎癥并進一步癌變的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。
To examine whether senescent cells are involved in obesity-induced cancers, researchers worked with genetically engineered mice.
為了研究衰老細胞是否與肥胖誘發(fā)性癌癥相關(guān)，研究人員使用轉(zhuǎn)基因老鼠做實驗。
Then they primed the mice by exposing them to a carcinogenic chemical, a process that Hara says may be similar to humans' exposure to environmental toxins, such as air pollution.
他們將這些老鼠放置到有致癌性化學(xué)物質(zhì)的環(huán)境當(dāng)中。Hara說這一過程同人類與環(huán)境中的有毒物質(zhì)接觸，例如空氣污染，類似。
Researchers then fed the mice either a normal diet or a high-fat diet.
然后，研究人員用正常的食物喂一部分老鼠，用高脂肪食物喂另一部分。
After 30 weeks, only 5% of the lean mice developed cancer — in their lungs — whereas all the obese mice developed liver cancer.
30周之后，瘦老鼠當(dāng)中只有百分之五患上了肺癌，而所有的肥胖老鼠都患上了肝癌。
Although the results showed that cell senescence was involved in obesity-linked cancer in the mice, researchers did not initially understand why the liver became a hotbed for tumours.
盡管結(jié)果顯示細胞衰老是肥胖相關(guān)癌癥的一個致病因素，但是研究人員剛開始并不理解為什么肝臟成為了癌變的高發(fā)部位。
But when they compared the blood serum of the two groups of mice,
但是當(dāng)他們對比兩組老鼠的血清是發(fā)現(xiàn)，
they found that the obese mice had much higher levels of deoxycholic acid (DCA), a chemical that causes DNA damage and can induce cell senescence.
肥胖老鼠的血清當(dāng)中脫氧膽酸的含量遠遠高于瘦老鼠，脫氧膽酸是一種能夠損害DNA并導(dǎo)致細胞衰老的物質(zhì)。
The researchers also found that obese mice had a greater number of DCA-producing Clostridium bacteria,
研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)肥胖老鼠體內(nèi)能制造脫氧膽酸的梭狀芽胞桿菌較多，
and that obese mice given antibiotics to clear intestinal bacteria developed fewer liver tumours.Thank you.
并且如果用抗生素為它們清除腸道細菌，它們患上肝癌的幾率會降低。謝謝。
