評論
打印
Text 2
閱讀2
For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn. ”
在過去的幾年，《星期日報》的增刊《漫步》開設了一個名為《詢問瑪麗琳》的專欄。
People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old;
人們被邀請去詢問瑪麗琳·沃斯·薩文特。瑪麗琳·沃斯·薩文特在10歲時測試的智力水平達到別人 23 歲時的水平，
that gave her an IQ of 228 - the highest score ever recorded.
她的智商高達 228――是有記錄的最高水平。
IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks.
智商測試要求你完成口頭和視覺分析，要求你在紙張被折疊、剪切后想象它的形狀，要求你推論數字的順序，還有其他類似的項目。
So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What's the difference between love and fondness?
所以，當沃斯·薩文特面對普通人（智商為100）提出的像“熱愛與喜愛之間的區別是什么？”
Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence?
或者“運氣與巧合的特征是什么？”
It's not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.
這樣的問題時，她感到有點困惑。設想物體、判斷數字模式的能力如何使一個人能夠回答難倒了一些最杰出的詩人和哲學家的問題，這可并不那么顯而易見。
Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test.
毫無疑問，智力包含的不僅僅是一次測試所得的分數。
Just what does it mean to be smart?
而聰明意味著什么？
How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?
可以明確顯示智力有多少？我們能夠從神經學、遺傳學、計算機科學以及其他領域了解的智力又有多少？
The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be.
人類有關智力的定義性術語似乎仍然是智商分數，即使人們并不像以前那樣經常進行智商測試。
The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales
智商測試主要表現為兩種形式：斯坦福—比奈特智力衡量表和威斯勒智力衡量表
(both come in adult and children's version).
（兩種都包含成人和兒童測試類型）。
Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web.
由于這些測試一般要花費幾百美元，因此通常只有心理學家才進行這些測試，盡管這些測試變式在于書店和環球網上非常流行。
Superhigh scores like vos Savant's are no longer possible,
像沃斯·薩文特得到這樣的超高分數也再不可能，
because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100.
因為現在的分數依據的是相同年齡者的統計學群體分布狀況，而不是簡單地通過實足年齡乘以 100 來劃分智能年齡。
Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.
其他標準測試，比如學術能力檢測以及研究生入學考試，包含了智商測試的主要方面。
Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg.
羅伯特·杰·斯頓伯格認為，這樣的標準測試不可能評估在學校和生活中取得成功所需的所有重要因素。
In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”,
在他的《智力測試如何明智？》文章中，
Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success.
斯頓伯格指出，傳統的測試最恰當地評估了分析能力和語言表達能力，但沒有測量創造性和實際知識，這些也是解決問題和在生活中取得成功的關鍵因素。
Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change.
而且，一旦種群或環境發生變化，智商測試就不一定預測得那么準確。
Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions,
研究發現，如果在壓力小的狀況下進行智商測試，那么這種測試就可以預測出領導才能，
but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership - that is, it predicted the opposite.
但是， 在壓力大狀況下，智商測試所得的結果與領導才能的關系是否定的，也就是說，它預測的結果是相反的。
Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it's knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.
任何經歷過學術能力檢測的人都會認為，應試能力也很重要，無論是知道何時應該進行推測，還是知道應該忽略什么問題。
