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It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom - or at least confirm that he's the kid's dad.
俗話說，賢父知己子，但是如今男人可以提升自己做父親的智慧，或者至少可以確認自己是孩子的父親了。
All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore - and another $120 to get the results.
他所要做的就是在住所附近的藥店里付30美元買一個父子關系測試包(PTK)，然后另支付 120美元以獲得結果。
More than 60, 000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits.
道格·福格是 Identigene(生產在藥店可以出售的測試包的公司)的首席運營官，他指出自從去年 PTK 無需處方就可以買到以來，購買者已經超過 6萬人。
More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.
超過24家公司直接向公眾出售 DNA 檢測工具，價格從幾百美元到 2500多美元不等。
Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption.
最受歡迎的 DNA 測試是父子和血緣關系檢測，被收養的孩子可以利用它找到自己的血緣親屬，家庭也可以用它追蹤到被收養的孩子。
DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family's geographic roots .
最近DNA 檢測受到許多熱情的族譜學家追捧，同時還為那些家族尋根服務公司提供了支持。
Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing.
大多數的測試需要從唾液中提取細胞，將其送至公司進行檢測。
All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.
所有的測試都需要另外一個相關人員的 DNA 進行比對。
But some observers are skeptical.
但是觀察家們持懷疑態度。
"There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing, " says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist.
紐約州立大學的社會學家特洛伊·達斯特說，"那些聲稱可以進行血統檢測的人，他們兜售的測試有一定的不準確性。"
He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back.
他注意到每個人都有許多祖先，僅幾個世紀以前就有幾百個之多。
Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father's line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers.
但是多數血統檢測只考慮某個單一系統，或者是遺傳自父親的 Y 染色體，或者是只由母親遺傳的線粒體 DNA。
This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors,
這個 DNA 只揭示了一兩個祖先的基因信息。
even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.
但是例如：僅僅3代之前除了曾祖父母，他們還有 6個外曾祖父母，或者 4 代以前除了曾曾祖父母，他們還有 14個外曾曾祖父母。
Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared.
批評家們還爭論說商業性基因檢測的好壞取決于參照基因數據庫的好壞。參照基因數據庫是用來同樣本進行對比的。
Databases used by some companies don't rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects.
一些公司數據庫里的數據并非系統性的采集取得的，而是將不同研究項目的信息胡亂搜集在一起。
This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and not others, so a person's test result may differ depending on the company that processes the results.
這意味某個DNA數據庫可能包含某些地區很多的信息，卻沒有別的地區的信息。所以一個人的測試結果會隨著測試公司的不同而不同。
In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.
此外，公司評估血緣關系的電腦程序可能申請了專利，不能對該程序進行同行審查、外界評估。
