難句解析：
①Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" of "a touch on the brakes", makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.
▲在第一個句子中，其主干為Much of the language..., makes it sound like...。used to describe monetary policy是用于修飾language的定語，后面的such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" of "a touch on the brakes"是對前面的language進行進一步說明。第二個句子是一個簡單句。
△如上所述的句子主干被確定之后，句子就不難理解了。為了簡化這個句子以便于理解，可以先把such as引導的部分忽略不看，那樣整個句子就比較好掌握了。注意make it sound like a precise science當中it指代前面提到的monetary policy。
②Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.
▲這句話承接前面陳述的原因。hence后面只是一個名詞詞組，中心詞是the analogy，后面that引導定語從句修飾前面的analogy。with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview and a faulty steering wheel是介詞詞組修飾前面的名詞car。注意此句沒有謂語動詞，只是一個名詞性的短語。
△理解這句話的關鍵在于hence的用法。hence的意思是“for this reason，因此，所以”，主要用于書面語，是副詞，可以連接一個完整的句子，也可以只跟一個名詞。例如：Baby found a pot of paint, hence all the marks on the wall。另外liken A to B意思是“把A與B相比，把A比作B”。
③This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.
▲這是一個并列句，前后用分號隔開兩個子句，是遞進關系。第一句話中，no可以用not a代替。后面一個句子中inflation是主語，使用了被動語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。lower是表語，than expected和in Britain and America，以及前面的over the past couple of years都是介詞短語作狀語。
△首先應該注意到那個分號，可以把分號前后分別作為一個簡單句單獨對待。另外在后面一個句子中，應該抓住inflation has been... lower...這個基本結構（被動語態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)）。flash in the pan是習語，意思是a sudden success that will not be repeated，接近漢語中的“曇花一現(xiàn)”。
④Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack.
▲這是一個主從復合句，連詞since連接了兩個句子。主句的主干是Economists have been... surprised by...。原因狀語從句的主干是conventional measures suggest that...，代詞that引導了賓語從句作為suggest的賓語。在這個賓語從句中，and especially America's相當于especially America's economy，是前面主語both economies的同位語，用于強調美國經濟。
△這里應該首先注意到since這個連詞，然后分別理解兩個句子，再把它們放在一起，這個句子的意思就迎刃而解了。另外注意suggest不是“建議”的意思，而應該是“顯示，指示”。
⑤The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
▲在第一個句子里面，主干是... explanation is... a little defective。這是一個主語+系動詞+表語結構。副詞unfortunately是插入語，作狀語。第二個句子的主干并不復雜：... economists argue that...，代詞that后面是賓語從句。這個賓語從句的基本結構為structural changes... have upended... models...，其中structural changes是主語，have upended是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的謂語，models是賓語。這個賓語models后面是一個that引導的限定性定語從句，修飾models。
△第一個句子相對比較簡單。第二個句子看著很長，但是只要明確了句子的主干，就很容易把整個句子看明白?？梢韵人Φ糍e語從句中的那個定語從句(that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation)，這樣這個句子結構就顯得簡單多了。然后再接這個定語從句，整句的意思就浮出水面了。另外注意upend一詞由動詞短語end up衍生而來，意為“結束，推翻”。

來源:可可英語 http://www.ccdyzl.cn/kaoyan/201407/310049.shtml