難句解析:
①Unlike most of the world's volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth's surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate.
▲這是一個(gè)由兩個(gè)分句組成的并列句,中間由分號(hào)隔開。前一個(gè)分句的第一個(gè)部分是一個(gè)形容詞性的短語,修飾的是這個(gè)句子的主語they,在plates的后面有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,that所替代的plates在這個(gè)從句里作主語;第二個(gè)分句用on the contrary開始,表示與前面的情況形成對(duì)比,這個(gè)句子較簡單,注意這里them指的是前文所說的hot spots。
△注意兩個(gè)分句的對(duì)比關(guān)系,弄清哪個(gè)特征是they(hot spots)所具有的。
②The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined.
▲這個(gè)單句的主語是the complementary coastlines and certain geological features,后面帶了一個(gè)定語從句,從句中that充當(dāng)?shù)氖侵髡Z;表語名詞reminders跟了一個(gè)of加上where引導(dǎo)的名詞性表示地點(diǎn)從句的短語。where從句中用的是過去時(shí),表示的是過去存在的結(jié)合狀態(tài)。
△找出句子的主語、謂語(are)和表語(reminders),再看主語和表語的修飾成分。并注意reminders的意思是“值得注意的地方,具有提醒作用的地方”。
③The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of the plates with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth's interior.
▲在這個(gè)用but連接的兩個(gè)并列分句中,前一個(gè)分句主語的限定成分the plates帶了一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞短語,起修飾作用;后一個(gè)分句中注意謂語be translated into意為“被解釋為”,這里的another指的是another plates。介詞whit respect to出現(xiàn)了兩次,意思是“相對(duì)于……”。
△對(duì)介詞的理解是這個(gè)句子的關(guān)鍵,注意motion這個(gè)詞在本句中指的是相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)。
④It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it.
▲這個(gè)簡單句的主語it是個(gè)形式主語,真正的主語是后面to引導(dǎo)的不定式短語。這個(gè)短語中,determine后面跟的是whether... or whether...引導(dǎo)的選擇關(guān)系的從句。注意后面whether從句中有兩個(gè)分句,用and連接,其中the other指的是the other continent。
△找出該句真正的主語(不定式形式),注意兩個(gè)whether從句的選擇關(guān)系,以及后一個(gè)從句中兩個(gè)小句所描述的相對(duì)關(guān)系。
⑤As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures(cracks): in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean.
▲這個(gè)句子是由四個(gè)小分句組成,前兩個(gè)分句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,其中it指的是the dome;分號(hào)后面的句子有一個(gè)狀語短語in at least a few cases,逗號(hào)后面是so that引導(dǎo)的表示結(jié)果的從句。
△在理解這個(gè)句子時(shí),最好是能按時(shí)間的先后排列地質(zhì)變化的過程。
adj. 相反的,截然不同的
adv. 相反(