解析:
(71)There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是There is more something(argument)on A than there is on B,即人們對于A的爭論比對B的多。A和B各是什么呢?A是the kinds of behaviors referred to by the term,此術(shù)語(即前文所提到的主題intelligence)所指的各種行為;B是how to interpret or classify them,如何對它們(既這些行為)進行解釋分類。本句的關(guān)鍵是找出主干結(jié)構(gòu)more on…than on…,理順邏輯關(guān)系,再用更合乎漢語習慣的語言翻譯出來。
參考譯文 人們對與智能有關(guān)的各種行為,比對這些行為如何進行解釋和分類,看法更不一致。
(72)To criticise it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticising a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是To criticize it for…is roughly comparable to criticizing…。be comparable to意思是“可比較的,比得上的,一樣的”。這句話里代詞it指的是上文的“any intelligence test”,“such failure”指的是上一句的It does not measure character,social adjustment…這種情況。參考譯文批評智力測試不反映上述情況,就猶如批評溫度計不測風速一樣。
(73)Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是since…,we must be sure that…。since引導原因狀語從句。主句中又有that引導的原因狀語從句。此賓語從句中又套嵌一個由介詞with+which引導的定語從句修飾先行詞the scale。scale在此處意為“尺度、衡量標準”。
參考譯文 既然對智力的評估是比較而言的,那么我們必須確保,在對我們的對象進行比較時,我們所用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公平的”比較。
(74)The first two must be equal for all who are being compared,if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是The first two must be equal for all who are…,if any comparison…。if引導條件狀語從句。主句中含有一個由關(guān)系代詞that引導的定語從句,修飾all。in terms of譯為“談到,就…而論”。
參考譯文 如果要從智力方面進行任何比較的話,那么對所有被比較者來說,前兩個因素必須是一樣的。
(75)On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence,but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared,and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是a conclusion can be drawn…only if…,and only if…。
兩個if引導的并列的條件狀語從句修飾主句。兩個條件狀語從句中又分別有一個定語從句修飾限定各自的先行詞the other和relevant information。本句考點為四處被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯。such a conclusion can be drawn…和the child can be assumed譯成無主句;he is being compared譯成漢語主動態(tài);he was not punished by lack of relevant information譯成漢語被動句。only if意為“除非…才”,此句為了表達通順而轉(zhuǎn)譯。the same attitude…as the other(children)譯成“與其他(孩子)態(tài)度相同”。賓格句尾的代詞they指the other(children)。
參考譯文 總的來說,得出這種結(jié)論是有一定程度把握的,但是必須具備兩個條件:能夠假定這個孩子對測試的態(tài)度和與他比較的其他孩子的態(tài)度相同;他也沒有因為缺乏別的孩子所具有的有關(guān)知識而被扣分。