結構轉換著眼于句子成分的相互轉換和基本句型的改變。句子成分的相互轉換主要在主語與賓語，補語與表語，主語與定語，定語與狀語，狀語與主語之間進行。

一、句子成分的轉換

1.非主語譯成主語

Since the invention of the transistor at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in1984, it has found its way into varied applications in the commercial，industrial and military fields.

參考譯文:自從1984年貝爾電話研究所發明晶體管以來，晶體管的種種應用已遍及商業、工業和軍事各個領域。（狀語譯成主語）

Television is different from radio in that it sends and receives pictures.

參考譯文:電視和無線電的不同點在于電視能收發圖像。（表語譯成主語）

Matter is usually electrically neutral, that is, it has as many protons, as electrons.

參考譯文:物質通常是不帶電的，就是說，它的質子和電子數量是相等的。（賓語譯成主語）

2.非謂語譯成謂語

There is a need for improvement in your study habits.

參考譯文:你的學習習慣需要改進。（主語譯成謂語）

3.非賓語譯成賓語

He is admired by everybody.

參考譯文:大家都很欽佩他。（主語譯成賓語）

Materials to be used for structural purpose are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental condition.

參考譯文:用于結構上的材料必須選擇得使它們在周圍環境條件下具有彈性。（狀語譯成賓語）

4.非狀語譯成狀語

He drew a deep breath.

參考譯文:他深深地吸了一口氣。（定語譯成狀語）

Pictures show him in the company of men like Churchill，Einstein and Gandhi.

參考譯文:在這些照片中我們可以看到他和邱吉爾、愛因斯坦、甘地這些人的交往。（主語譯成狀語）

二、基本句型的轉化

1.簡單句轉換成復合句

At the slightest improvement in my work they would show warm approval.

參考譯文:我工作稍有進步，他們就熱情肯定。

2.復合句轉換成簡單句

This causes the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together.

參考譯文:這樣就蓋起了許多人聚居的高樓大廈。