結構轉換著眼于句子成分的相互轉換和基本句型的改變。句子成分的相互轉換主要在主語與賓語,補語與表語,主語與定語,定語與狀語,狀語與主語之間進行。
一、句子成分的轉換
1.非主語譯成主語
Since the invention of the transistor at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in1984, it has found its way into varied applications in the commercial,industrial and military fields.
參考譯文:自從1984年貝爾電話研究所發(fā)明晶體管以來,晶體管的種種應用已遍及商業(yè)、工業(yè)和軍事各個領域。(狀語譯成主語)
Television is different from radio in that it sends and receives pictures.
參考譯文:電視和無線電的不同點在于電視能收發(fā)圖像。(表語譯成主語)
Matter is usually electrically neutral, that is, it has as many protons, as electrons.
參考譯文:物質通常是不帶電的,就是說,它的質子和電子數量是相等的。(賓語譯成主語)
2.非謂語譯成謂語
There is a need for improvement in your study habits.
參考譯文:你的學習習慣需要改進。(主語譯成謂語)
3.非賓語譯成賓語
He is admired by everybody.
參考譯文:大家都很欽佩他。(主語譯成賓語)
Materials to be used for structural purpose are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental condition.
參考譯文:用于結構上的材料必須選擇得使它們在周圍環(huán)境條件下具有彈性。(狀語譯成賓語)
4.非狀語譯成狀語
He drew a deep breath.
參考譯文:他深深地吸了一口氣。(定語譯成狀語)
Pictures show him in the company of men like Churchill,Einstein and Gandhi.
參考譯文:在這些照片中我們可以看到他和邱吉爾、愛因斯坦、甘地這些人的交往。(主語譯成狀語)
二、基本句型的轉化
1.簡單句轉換成復合句
At the slightest improvement in my work they would show warm approval.
參考譯文:我工作稍有進步,他們就熱情肯定。
2.復合句轉換成簡單句
This causes the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together.
參考譯文:這樣就蓋起了許多人聚居的高樓大廈。