是非無判斷題Not Given考點(diǎn)分析
An Analysis of Not Given
Reading Procedures 閱讀步驟:
Step 1: 在題目中劃出定位詞。
Step 2: 定位詞在文章中定位。
Step 3: 若定位詞在文章中無法定位，則看有無同義轉(zhuǎn)換，若無同義轉(zhuǎn)換，那么確定答案是Not Given。若在文章中可以定位題目中的定位詞，那就要看一下幾個(gè)方面來確定是Not Given：
1．題目中有比較結(jié)構(gòu)，在文章中出現(xiàn)此結(jié)構(gòu)，但是比較的對象不同
2．題目中用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示對未來的預(yù)測或者展望，而在文章中沒有提及
3．題目中有的相關(guān)修飾詞（即考點(diǎn)詞）在文章中沒有相關(guān)的同義詞的解釋對應(yīng)
4．在文章中出現(xiàn)過題目中的定位詞，但是通過結(jié)構(gòu)多樣性的比較，兩者是沒有關(guān)系的。
Example:
題目：The parents of top athletes have often been successful athletes themselves.
文章：No one theory can explain improvements in performance, but the most important factor has been genetics. The athletes must choose his parents carefully. ……
5. 時(shí)間對應(yīng)信息不一致，導(dǎo)致主體信息無法判斷
Example:
題目：There was little improvement in athletic performance before the twentieth century.
文章：Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects…….
除了以上這些方面之外，還有一些內(nèi)容學(xué)要掌握以確定是否是Not Given。
Ⅰ. 題目中有比較結(jié)構(gòu)，文章中無比較結(jié)構(gòu)則答案判斷為Not Given。
例一：
原文: And the future? It is anticipated that, in the years to come, leisure spending will account for between a third to a half of all household spending, whilst it is difficult to give exact figures, the leisure industry will certainly experience a long period of sustained growth.
題目: In future, people will pay less for the leisure facilities they use than they do today.
分析：
第一步：確定題目中的定位詞和考點(diǎn)詞（關(guān)鍵詞）。本題中的定位詞是leisure。另外，考點(diǎn)詞是pay和一個(gè)表示比較結(jié)構(gòu)less……than。
第二步; 定位詞到原文中定位。Leisure在原文中出現(xiàn)了兩次。Pay這個(gè)詞在原文中出現(xiàn)了詞性轉(zhuǎn)換和同義轉(zhuǎn)換，成為了另外一個(gè)詞：spending。
第三步：原文中定位另外一個(gè)關(guān)鍵信息：比較結(jié)構(gòu)。但是原文中并沒有出現(xiàn)此結(jié)構(gòu)因此確定答案是Not Given。
例二：
原文: Healthcare providers diagnose insomnia in several ways. One way is to categorize insomnia by how often it occurs. Another way is to identify the insomnia by what is causing the sleep deprivation. The two main types of insomnia have been described as Primary Insomnia and Secondary Insomnia. Primary Insomnia is a chronic condition with little apparent association with stress or a medical problem. The most common form of primary insomnia is psychophysiological insomnia. Secondary insomnia is caused by symptoms that accompany a medical condition such as anxiety, depression or pain.
題目: Secondary insomnia is far more common than Primary insomnia.
分析：
第一步：確定題目中的定位詞。定位詞是兩個(gè)專有名詞Secondary insomnia和Primary insomnia。而本題的關(guān)鍵詞則是far more common than的比較結(jié)構(gòu)。
第二步; 定位詞到原文中定位。文章中兩次出現(xiàn)了以上兩個(gè)專有名詞。
第三步：原文中定位另外一個(gè)關(guān)鍵信息：比較結(jié)構(gòu)。但是原文中并沒有出現(xiàn)此結(jié)構(gòu)因此確定答案是Not Given。
Ⅱ. 題目中有表示因果關(guān)系的表達(dá)方式，而原文中并沒有此表述或相似結(jié)構(gòu)，則答案判斷為Not Given。
例：
原文: Working hours are not expected to decrease, partly because the 24-hour society will need to be serviced; and secondly, because more people will be needed to keep the service/leisure industries running. In the coming decades, the pace of change will accelerate generating greater wealth at a faster rate than ever before. Surveys show that this is already happening in many parts of Europe. The south-east of England, for example, is now supposedly the richest area in the EEC. The ‘leisure pound’ is one of the driving forces behind this surge.
題目: The 24-hour society will have a negative effect on people’s attitudes to work.
分析：
第一步：確定題目中的定位詞。本題是明顯的數(shù)字定位。24-hour society是明顯的定位詞。而本題中的關(guān)鍵詞或考點(diǎn)詞是表示結(jié)果的一個(gè)短語have a negative effect on。另外一個(gè)定位詞是attitudes to work。
第二步; 定位詞到原文中定位。24-hour society出現(xiàn)在原文的第一句。但是原文中無法定位任何表示因果關(guān)系的詞組。而且通過瀏覽原文也無法搜索到有關(guān)people’s attitudes to work的信息。
因此，可以判斷本題的答案是Not Given。