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一、前言
閱讀分為四個層次：詞、句、段、章。同學們一般習慣于以詞為單位閱讀，所以遇到結構稍微復雜點的句子就無從下手了。為了解決這一問題，本人特意為廣大雅思同學制作了這一套“難句隨身卡”。
如果大家讀完這些句子，對于其語法結構不太清楚，很難完整理解全句的含義，則意味著大家閱讀難句的能力還存在明顯的問題，那么這套卡片就是幫助你提高閱讀速度，最終在考試中取得閱讀高分的利器。
二、難句的構成
英語的復雜難句=主句+從句+短語，不同于漢語的句子全是簡單句，沒有復雜句。如果把英語的難句比喻成大樹，那么主句相當于樹干，從句相當于樹枝，而短語相當于葉子。相比之下，漢語的句子就好比是竹子，一節一節的。
因此，我們在理解英語難句的時候要學會“拆”——把復雜句拆成簡單句來理解。
三、如何“拆”
任何句子都必須有謂語動詞，所以找到一個謂語動詞就可以拆下來一個句子。因此，理解難句的基本步驟是：1）識別出有哪幾個謂語動詞；2）找出主句的謂語動詞，先理解主句；3）再去理解從句和短語。
四、符號說明
1．謂語動詞用斜體字表示，例如：Everyone should know …。
2．從句的引導詞用方框表示，例如：where the nearest fire alarm box is located。
3．從句用橫線表示，例如：where the nearest fire alarm box is located，表示where引導的從句。
4．插入語成分用括號表示，例如：Keeping your head, (instead of crowding and pushing to get to an exit), may make the difference between…
第一章 平行并列結構
本章難句列表（分析從第7頁開始）：
1．Everyone should know where the nearest fire alarm box is located and where exits, fire escapes, and fire doors are.
2．The way space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities is culturally influenced.
3． I wanted her to know that my heart was with her, and that I thought England owed her a great debt and was going to miss her.
4．Keeping your head, instead of crowding and pushing to get to an exit, may make the difference between life and death when fire breaks out.
5．Neither friends nor family can convince phobic people that most animals are harmless, that thousands of travelers fly safely everyday, and millions of people ride safely in elevators several times each day.
6．Millions of people travel about the country by rail, by bus, or by automobile, or drive to and from their places of work and their homes.
7．Here we have a little child, without knowledge or experience; there a grown-up person with fully developed mental powers.
8． There are relay races in running and swimming in summer, and relay in skiing in winter.
9．But we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered, that we failed to respond with love when it was tendered.
10．This is not an easy lesson to learn, especially when we are young and think that the world is ours to command, that whatever we desire with the full force of our passionate being can be ours.
11．More than three million people live in inner London, and nearly five million people live in the surrounding suburban area, which is made up of formerly separate villages that have merged to form what is now called outer London.
12．The journey and the stay are by definition outside the normal places of residence and work, and are of short-term and temporary nature, and there is a clear intention to return home within a relatively short period of time.
13．The limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.
14．We have tried to isolate some of the key factors that govern service quality, and offer examples of organizations that manage service well and of some that manage it poorly.
15．Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.
本期難句分析：
1．Everyone should know where the nearest fire alarm box is located and where exits, fire escapes, and fire doors are.
結構：本句有三個謂語動詞，分別是should know/is/are。其中主句的謂語動詞為should know，其余兩個都是由where引導的并列賓語從句。
本句可以拆分為：1) Everyone should know.2) Where the nearest fire alarm box is located.3) Where exits, fire escapes, and fire doors are.
翻譯：每個人都應該知道最近的火災報警箱的位置，以及安全出口、安全梯及防火門的位于何處。
2．The way space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities is culturally influenced.
結構：本句有2個謂語動詞，分別是2個is。其中第二個is是主句的謂語動詞，其主語是the way。第二個is是定語從句的謂語動詞，但是該定語從句很特殊，省略了引導詞。定語從句中三個并列的不定式短語動詞to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities共同作為is used的目的狀語。
本句可以拆分為：1) The way is culturally influenced.2) Space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities.
翻譯：怎樣利用空間來獲得個人隱私、建造家園以及設計城市都會受到文化的影響。
3． I wanted her to know that my heart was with her, and that I thought England owed her a great debt and was going to miss her.
結構：本句有5個謂語動詞，分別為wanted/was/thought/owed/was。其中主句的謂語動詞為wanted。was和thought分別屬于兩個由that引導的并列賓語從句。而owed和was為兩個并列的謂語動詞，共同主語為England。England這句話前面為了避免重復而省略了賓語從句的引導詞that，實際上是thought的賓語從句。
本句可以拆分為：1) I wanted her to know.2) That my heart was with her.3) That I thought.4) (That) England owed her a great debt and was going to miss her.
翻譯：我想讓她知道我的心陪伴著她，而且我認為英國欠了她一大筆債，很快就會想念她。
4．Keeping your head, (instead of crowding and pushing to get to an exit), may make the difference between life and death when fire breaks out.
結構：本句有兩個謂語動詞make/breaks out。其中主句的謂語動詞為may make，其主語是動名詞短語keeping your head。breaks out是when引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞。插入語(instead of…)中的crowding和pushing兩個動名詞是平行并列結構。
本句可以拆分為：1) Keeping your head may make the difference between life and death.2) When fire breaks out.
翻譯：當發生火災時，保持頭腦冷靜，而不是向安全出口擁堵，能夠帶來生與死的不同結果。
