作文題目

Food can be produced more cheaply today by using improved fertilizers and better machinery. However, some people think that the methods used to increase production may be dangerous for human health and have negative effects on local communities.
What is your opinion?Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your knowledge or experience.

題目翻譯

由于產(chǎn)能的擴大、化肥與改良機械的使用，食物已經(jīng)變得更加便宜了。然而，一些人認為這對于人類的健康以及當?shù)囟紩斐蓚ΑＤ阍诙啻蟪潭壬贤饣蛘卟煌?

題目講解

【關鍵詞分析】
food
農(nóng)業(yè)包括種植業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)和漁業(yè)，生產(chǎn)出來的都叫food，不要局限在種植業(yè)上。
the health of humans and local community as a whole
人類的健康與當?shù)兀恼乱欢ㄒo扣這兩點影響。community不單單指的是人類社會，而是泛指人居住的整個生態(tài)環(huán)境，這個詞請考生留意。 (community: a particular group of animals or plants that all live or grow together.—柯林斯COBUILD英漢雙解詞典)
【話題分類與題型】
本題是老題，與2005年5月25日的考題完全相同，與《十大話題萬能分類題庫》中該話題的母題也基本相同。本題屬于生態(tài)環(huán)境與動物保護類話題，屬于“同意與否”題型。食品類話題在亞太考區(qū)已有半年時間未曾出現(xiàn)，上一次出現(xiàn)是在2011年12月3日。
【話題評價】
食品類的話題是一個交叉話題，不僅與生態(tài)與動物保護有關，而且也與健康類話題、經(jīng)濟全球化類話題有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系。食品類話題大體上有兩個分支:一個是今天的考題，現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)科技造成的影響，第二個分支就是2011年12月3日的考題，長距離運輸食品的好壞。這兩個分支有很多聯(lián)系之處。食品安全話題是我國民眾一直關注的焦點，但是該問題在世界各地普遍存在。現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)科技給人類帶來高產(chǎn)量和多品種的同時，也給人類健康和生態(tài)環(huán)境造成了隱患。
【類似話題】
1. It is known to all that the technological and scientific advances have made greater changes to the range and quality of our food. Some people regard it as an improvement while others believe that the change is harmful. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (070811)
2. Some people support the developments in agriculture such as factory farming and creations of new types of fruits and vegetables, while others oppose this view. Discuss both views and give your opinion. (080712)
【結構與思路】
文章題型是To what extent do you agree or disagree，因此既可以成單邊支持，即完全同意農(nóng)業(yè)科技對人體健康和生態(tài)環(huán)境有影響，也可以寫成反對，即認為沒有影響，也可以寫成折中，即有負面影響，但也給人類帶來了好處。考生可以根據(jù)自己對該話題的理解來選擇文章的結構。
下面的示范將采取單邊討論結構，即完全認同題目中的觀點，文章中只寫同意的理由。
I. Introduction
II. Body 1:現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)對人體造成的危害
1. 現(xiàn)代化的種植業(yè)大量依賴殺蟲劑pesticide和化肥chemical fertilizer，這些物質(zhì)會在食物中有殘留。
2. 現(xiàn)代化的大型農(nóng)場所采取的集中式養(yǎng)殖battery farming使得飼養(yǎng)的動物生存環(huán)境惡劣，容易生病，因而農(nóng)民在飼料中添加抗生素antibiotics，而抗生素會通過食物鏈傳到人體，最終使人對抗生素產(chǎn)生抗藥性build up a resistance to the antibiotics.
3. 現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)能的提高在很大程度上依賴轉基因技術genetic engineering，而轉基因食品對人體健康有潛在的威脅。pose a potential threat to people’s health.
4. 現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)降低了肉產(chǎn)品的價格drive down the price of meat，從而使人們形成了以肉食為主的不良飲食習慣，會引發(fā)一系列的流行病epidemics，例如肥胖癥obesity，糖尿病diabetes，高血壓hypertension，心血管疾病cardiovascular diseases.
III. Body 2:對當?shù)厣鷳B(tài)環(huán)境與社會造成的危害
1. 殺蟲劑和化肥的大量使用會嚴重破壞生態(tài)平衡upset the ecological balance，使得很多物種滅絕go extinct。由于生物富集效應bioaccumulation，這些有毒有害物質(zhì)poisonous substances將由食物鏈food chain進入大型哺乳動物large mammals體內(nèi)，最終進入人體。
2. 轉基因作物會增加除草劑herbicide的使用，造成嚴重污染，殺死了其它植物，并可能會產(chǎn)生超級雜草super weed的出現(xiàn)。(即使用任何除草劑都無濟于事的雜草)
3. 轉基因作物會對臨近的非轉基因作物造成基因污染genetic contamination，使得其它的作物基因產(chǎn)生變異mutation.
4. 機械化的農(nóng)業(yè)減少了農(nóng)民的就業(yè)機會reduce job opportunities，迫使很多農(nóng)民涌入城市尋找工作。
V. Conclusion
綜上所述，現(xiàn)代化的農(nóng)業(yè)給人類帶來豐富的食物來源的同時，也使得人類的健康、當?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)環(huán)境和社會穩(wěn)定造成了一定的影響。人類一定要反思這一過程，讓科技造福與民而不是毀滅世界。In conclusion, modern agricultural practices have brought rich sources of food, but it put human health, local ecology and environment, as well as social stability, at risk. Human beings should rethink the process of agricultural mechanisation and ensure that modern science and technology bring benefits to society, rather than destroy the world.
【其它作文題目】
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The pie charts compare the difference between undergraduates and postgraduates about the university library.
有四張圖，本科生和研究生對于圖書館藏書種類、非紙質(zhì)材料的滿意度。前兩張關于range of book，后兩張關于non-print material。三種評價，很好、滿意、不好。

范文

Although the advantages of applying machinery and fertilizers to agriculture are too obvious to be denied , there are after-effects that are certainly not in favor of natural environment and human health. It is probable that, without a continuous string of inventions related to agro-machines and agro-chemical know-how, the current world population could not be sufficiently sustained. Nowadays, it is increasingly known that such farming methods nevertheless contribute to undesirable pollutions and fatal diseases.
At a glance, economic benefits abound. To illustrate, better mechanized agriculture allows more land to be farmed by fewer people. Farm work therefore becomes more efficient and less time-consuming. Added to that, the use of new fertilizers creates higher yields because much of available land is made more fertile. As a combined result, food is cheaper, which of course benefits consumers in general. It is easy to see that, thanks to mechanical and chemical technologies, a series of positive changes have been made, ranging from preparing the soil to planting seeds to gathering the harvest to processing the crop.
Looking from a different angle, there are hidden drawbacks to such changes, affecting people''s health and the quality of air and water in the community. For one thing, agricultural equipment requires diesel fuel to operate, which causes air pollution. Thus, the more machines are being used, the more air pollution there is in the countryside. As if it were not bad enough, human health is endangered by the abuse of chemical compounds, eventually leading to water pollution under soil. Worst of all, reportedly some health problems are associated with farm products. Researchers have also sent shocking warnings against the possibility of links between polluted foods and various diseases, including intoxication and cancer.
In sum, it is clear that modernization in agriculture is not always good, inevitably giving rise to a mixed feeling of blessings and curses. The truth is that it is next to impossible now to do without machines and fertilizers on farms, especially when the global population is growing rapidly. If nothing else, at this point the world is nervously expecting the coming of environment-friendly machinery and risk-free fertilizers.