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An X-ray examination of the scull and cervical spine is the first X-ray study performed when there is possible injury to the head or cervical spine.
當懷疑頭部或者頸椎受到損傷時，對顱骨和頸椎進行的X射線檢查是對患者X光研究的第一步。
Fractures, tumor, and hematomas may be shown on these studies.
研究結果中可能會發現有骨裂、腫瘤和血腫。
The pneumoencephalogram, PEG, involves introduction of air into the brain's ventricles and subarachnoid space and the removal of some cerebral spinal fluid.
氣腦造影的步驟包括向腦室系統和顱內蛛網膜下腔充氣、放出腦脊液。
It may visualize any abnormalities of these structures on X-ray film.
通過氣腦造影可以看到以上結構中的任何異常。
It is important that the nurse take vital signs before the PEG in order that baseline values can be established.
十分重要的一項是進行氣腦造影之前護士測量患者的生命體征，這樣可以有一個基準值。
Generally, physicians will order the patient to have nothing by mouth after midnight before the procedure.
通常情況下，接受手術之前醫生會叮囑患者從午夜開始不要通過口腔進食。
The patient may complain of noises in the head during and after the procedure, which were due to the presence of the air in the ventricles.
手術過程中和術后患者可能會反應腦中存在噪音，這是因為腦室中還存有空氣。
The noises would disappear when the air is absorbed.
當空氣被吸收之后噪音也會隨之消失。
Patients are generally encouraged to drink more water.
通常會建議患者多喝水，
This may be difficult when the patient is experiencing nausea and vomitting, along with a severe headache.
但是由于患者正經歷反胃、嘔吐和劇烈頭疼，做到這一點可能會有些難度。
It is often necessary to use antiemetics.
使用抗嘔劑通常情況下是必要的。
The nurse should check the patient frequently to look for possible signs of increased intracranial pressure or other complications, such as shock, chills, continued vomitting, fever or respiratory difficulty.
護士應當頻繁檢查患者是否有顱內壓增高或其他并發癥狀，比如休克、寒顫、持續嘔吐、發熱和呼吸困難。
The patient should be kept with the head flat for at least 24 to 48 hours.
術后患者需將頭平放至少24到48小時。
The patient may then be up gradually if headache and nausea do not occur.
如果頭疼和反胃癥狀小時之后患者才可以嘗試慢慢起身。
Ventriculogram is similar to the pneumoencephalogram.
腦室造影和氣腦造影類似。
It can give the same type of information.
可以提供類似的信息。
It is used when there is greater intracranial pressure and gives a more specific outline of brain lesions.
腦室造影在顱內壓過高時使用，它可以提供更為具體的腦損傷。
Cerebrospinal fluid should be withdrawn and replaced with air.
需要將腦脊液全部放出，然后充入空氣。
The injection is made into the lateral ventricles through an opening in the scull.
顱骨鉆孔后通過側腦室充入空氣。
Both pneumoencephalogram and ventriculogram are dangerous to the patient and are treated as surgical procedures.
氣腦造影和腦室造影對患者都有一定的危險性，屬于手術范疇。
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