Bruce Beutler​, Jules Hoffmann and Ralph Steinman share the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their elucidation of the complex workings of the immune system.

Bruce Beutler, Jules Hoffmann 和 Ralph Steinman 三人因對免疫系統方面的復雜工作作出闡釋而榮獲諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎。

Steve Mirsky reports October 3, 2011

Steve Mirsky 報道 2011年10月3日

The 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine goes to Bruce Beutler at the Scripps Research Institute in California, Jules Hoffmann at the French National Center for Scientific Research and Ralph Steinman at Rockefeller University in New York City. Beutler and Hoffman helped to elucidate innate immunity. That's the non-specific array of initial responses by the body's immune system that can recognize invading microorganisms as being foreign and try to destroy them.

2011年諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎授予位于加州斯里普斯研究所的Bruce Beutler 教授，法國國家科學研究中心的Jules Hoffmann 教授和紐約洛克菲勒大學的Ralph Steinman 教授。Beutler 和 Hoffman 闡釋了先天免疫方面的研究。他們發現了能識別外來微生物并激活先天性免疫的受體蛋白質，并試圖摧毀它們，從而揭示了身體免疫應答過程的第一步。

Steinman investigated dendritic cells, and their key role in what's called adaptive immunity—the specialized response to specific invaders that comes into play when innate immunity isn't enough. Thanks to adaptive immunity infected cells get wiped out, and exposure to a specific pathogen can leave us with long-standing protection against that pathogen.

Steinman 研究了樹突狀細胞和它們在所謂的適應性免疫方面的重要作用-當自身免疫不足時，對特定的入侵者給予特定的回應。由于適應性免疫感染細胞得以清除，接觸某種特定病原體能讓我們對其長期免疫。

The detailed understanding of the immune system provided by the new Nobel laureates has given other researchers the ability to improve vaccines and to attempt to stimulate immune reactions to cancer. Their insights also inform efforts to damp down the immune system when it becomes too zealous, which can lead to excessive inflammation and autoimmunity. —Steve Mirsky

由新科諾貝爾獎得主提供的對免疫系統的詳細解釋已經為其他研究提供了助力，提高疫苗活性并嘗試刺激對癌癥的免疫反應。基于他們的見解，當免疫系統變得過于強烈時可以及時平息它，避免導致過度炎癥和自身免疫。—Steve Mirsky