Current assets、fixed assets 和 Current liabilities
Current 是一個很有意思的詞匯。它既可以是形容詞,也可以是名詞。作為形容詞,current 意思是“通用的、流通的,現在的”,如 current money(通貨),current English(現代英語),current fashion(目前流行的風尚);作為名詞,current 的意思是“水流、氣流,電流,動向、潮流”,如 the current of a river (河的水流),the cold current (寒流),a direct current (直流電),the current of public opinion(輿論的動向)。在這里,還要特別提到英國的兩種存款 current account (活期存款,也相當于美國銀行中的 checking account )和deposit account (儲蓄存款,也相當于美國銀行中的 savings account )。如果你到英國銀行對柜員說:“Could you tell me what sorts of accounts there are ?”(您能告訴我有幾種什么存款嗎?)銀行柜員就會說:“Well,there are basically two types of accounts .There's a current account and a deposit account. With the current account you can pay for things by cheque, but you don't earn any interest . With the deposit account ,you earn interest ,but you can't pay for things by cheque……”(基本上有兩種存款,一種活期存款,一種儲蓄存款;活期存款你可以用支票支付,但沒有利息;儲蓄存款可以掙到利息,但不能用支票支付。)
Current assets 就是“流動資產”。例如:
1. Current assets are the assets reasonably expected to be converted into cash or used in the current operation of the business.(The current period is generally taken as one year.) Examples are cash, notes receivable, accounts receivable, inventory , and prepaid expenses.
流動資產指的是有充分理由認為在當期經營活動中轉換成現金或被使用的資產(一般是一年期)?,F金、應收票據、應收帳款、存貨以及預付的費用都屬于流動資產。
說到流動資產,就不能不提到另一個詞匯 fixed assets(固定資產)。例如:
2. Fixed assets are the long-lived assets used in the production of goods or services. These assets, sometime called non-current assets, are used in the operation of business rather than being held for sale.
固定資產是在產品和服務的生產過程中使用的壽命較長的資產。這些資產有時稱為非流動資產,是公司經營中為了使用而不是為銷售而置備的資產。
Current liabilities 就是“流動負債”。例如:
3. Current liabilities . Debts which must be satisfied from current assets within the next operating period, usually one year. Examples are accounts payable, notes payable, the current portion of long-term debt, and various accrued items such as salaries payable and taxes payable.
流動負債。在下一個經營期間,通常是一年內必須用流動資產償還的債務。應付帳款、應付票據、長期債務的當期分攤額,以及諸如應付工資和應付稅款等種種應計項目都是流動負債。